Искусственный интеллект и отправление правосудия на Кубе

Аннотация

In regards to the topic of Artificial Intelligence (AI), one can appreciate that it is no longer part of a distant future that could only be dreamed of by reading science fiction works. In the world, and in Cuba, it is already a tangible and exciting phenomenon that makes its analysis and development necessary to achieve advances in the social and economic life of the country, and thus ultimately achieve an increase in the well- being and progress of society. One cannot remain motionless in the face of the constant technological change that influences most human activities. This includes the law, where the application of technology has increased efficiency and effectiveness in very specific areas such as, for example, the fight against fraud and irregularities. Nonetheless, the legal challenges presented by AI are many, and in such diverse areas as personal data protection, equality, legal security, transparency and accountability, among others. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Administration of Justice, Development, Digital Transformation, Judicial processes, Criminal Law, Technological change 46 Digital technologies and law ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ И ОТПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРАВОСУДИЯ НА КУБЕ Аннотация. Искусственный интеллект уже не является частью далекого бу- дущего, о котором можно только мечтать, читая научно-фантастические произ- ведения. В мире и на Кубе это уже ощутимое и захватывающее явление, анализ и развитие которого необходимы для достижения прогресса в социальной и эконо- мической жизни страны, а значит, в конечном счете для повышения благосостояния и прогресса общества. Нельзя оставаться неподвижным перед лицом постоянных технологических изменений, которые влияют на большинство видов человече- ской деятельности. Это касается и юриспруденции, где применение технологий позволило повысить эффективность и результативность в весьма специфических областях, таких как, например, борьба с мошенничеством и нарушениями. Тем не менее правовых проблем, связанных с применением искусственного интеллекта, немало, причем в таких разных областях, как защита персональных данных, ра- венство, правовая безопасность, прозрачность и подотчетность и др. Ключевые слова: искусственный интеллект, отправление правосудия, раз- витие, цифровая трансформация, судебные процессы, уголовное право, техноло- гические изменения Introduction. When speaking about artificial intelligence in Cuba, it is necessary to point out that since the late 1980s the topic has been approached with interest by researchers in scientific centers and universities, but always from an academic point of view. In comparison to other technological areas, AI, although it is applied in a limited way, has not reached predominance in Cuban society. The improvement of information processing capabilities and the desire to enhance the development and optimization of processes has motivated the Cuban government to reflect on the urgent need to draw up strategies to enhance the development of artificial intelligence [9]. Main part. In February 2023, members of the highest levels of the Cuban gov- ernment, including President Miguel Díaz-Canel, met with representatives of the Cuban Academy of Sciences (ACC) to reflect on AI within the context of digital transforma- tion for development. Among the difficulties, the academics highlighted the few Cuban computer products or services developed with AI techniques for solving problems, the fact that there are few opportunities to develop a professional career in this field and the lack of a national strategy to coordinate these efforts. It was also clear from the beginning that the development of AI could not be seen without clear ethics and rules, at both the national and international level. In addition, it was specified that to cre- ate Cuban AI-based solutions, the correct use of data would first be necessary. In this regard, Member of Merit and Coordinator of natural and exact sciences of the ACC, Luis Montero Cabrera, mentioned that the foundation of the massive use of Artificial Intelligence is in the achievement of a systemic, stable, actionable database, which en- compasses the country in full [8]. The Cuban president Miguel Díaz Canel has stated that an Artificial Intelligence Strategy is already being worked on, but that it is vital to work on the interconnection of 47 Digital technologies and law Digital technologies and law artificial intelligence with the production of goods and services, public administration, and the territories. Furthermore, it is necessary to cover the topic of the organization, structure and management of data because Cuban society needs to achieve the imple- mentation of AI to promote the formation and training of human capital associated with Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for their correct use in public and business manage- ment. Additionally, the relationship on these issues between universities, companies and the government must be strengthened [8]. In mid-2023 a group of experts me