GRAMMATICAL POSSIBILITIES OF THE NOUN PHRASE

Аннотация

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the grammatical possibilities of the noun phrase in the Uzbek language. It covers the morphological features of nouns, their formation through declension categories, possessive suffixes, and syntactic functions. It also explains the possibilities of nouns as primary and secondary parts of speech, their role in word combinations, and sentence structure on a scientific basis. During the study, the grammatical formation system of nouns, the diversity of their use in speech, and expressive possibilities were analyzed based on examples. Thearticle aims to showthe role and importance of thenoun phrase inthe theory and practice oflinguistics. Keywords: word class, grammatical possibilities, morphological features, syntactic functions, possessivesuffixes,conjugation category. Introduction. Grammar is a major branch of linguistics that studies the formation of words in speech and the structure of sentences. The term "grammar" is used in linguistics in two main senses: 1) the grammatical structure of a language, the system of form and meaning that determines the relationship of words in speech. Morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies word1 classes, in which word structure is studied by analyzing grammatical form and meaning; 2) a special field of science that studies this system. Grammar serves not only to analyze the structure of a language, but also to create a system of rules for its correct use. Grammar has two main sections: morphology andsyntax. Morphology. Studies the laws of the formation of lexemes in speech and their grammatical meanings. This section analyzes the base of the word and the form-forming affixes added to it, further clarifying its grammatical properties. For example, the lexeme "apples" is alma- base, -lar plural, -ni declension. Through this analysis, the analysis in syntax becomes moreprecise. Syntax. Studies the relationship between words and sentences. It analyzes the order and functional significance ofthecomponents ofthesentence structure1. Analysis and results. Language is a holistic system, a phenomenon with a long process offormation. In thestudy andanalysis of language, itis extremely important toknow theperiod of its formation and the stages of development. In particular, in the morphological analysis of words it is very important to know the process of language change, its current state. In this regard, it is appropriate to consider the types of morphology. Below we will consider the types 1MengliyevB.,ErgashevaG.,HamroyevaSh.FundamentalsofLinguistics.Textbook.-T.,2025.342p 717 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue08,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai of morphology. Historical morphology. Historical morphology studies the historical development and formation process of words. This direction is engaged in analyzing the causes of the emergence and evolution of grammatical changes in the language. For example, the ancient word form "ich" (root) + kari (demonstrative case suffix) in the Uzbek language has become indispensabletoday. Modern morphology. Modern morphology studies the current state of the language and analyzes word forms. This direction serves to determine the current rules and forms. For example,the word "kitobim" is aword with theroot kitob - base and the possessivesuffix "-im", which fully complies with the rules of modern morphology today. This morphological analysis isaimed at studying grammatical unitsand theirfunctions inthecurrent language2. There are several concepts in linguistics, among which the main ones are grammatical category and grammatical meaning. Category is one of the important concepts in linguistics, it is interpreted in two main meanings:Category as a concept. Category is an abstract concept that reflects the general characteristic and property of an object or phenomenon. Any object is reflected in the mind as a concept.Category as a system and paradigm. A category is also considered as a set of units that form a certain system in the language system. In this sense, a category represents a paradigm related to a system of grammatical forms. Each category consists of its own structure and members. A category represents not only a system of formal forms, but also a system of meaning. A grammatical category embodies two main meanings: Categorical meaning: a generalized grammatical meaning within this category. For example, the word "book" reflects the category of a noun. Non-categorical meaning: these are other meanings that do not fall within the scope of a grammatical category, but participate in it. For example, the word "unlar" - in the sense of non-categorical meaning, i.e. type, variety, variety, etc. Wecan initiallydividegrammatical categories into two groups: 1) lexical categories - are specific to a certain word class and serve to change the lexical meaning. Fo