To the Question of Determining the Cognitive Status and Non-Specific School Maladaptation in Children with Attention and Hyperactivity Syndrome

Аннотация

We conducted our own research to determine the cognitive status and non-specific school maladaptation in children with attention and hyperactivity disorder. Keywords: Methods, corrections, children, status. Introduction: Determining the cognitive status and as well as higher rates of hyperactivity among relatives specific school maladjustment in children with of hyperactive children. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves There are many authors who attribute the main and assessing various cognitive functions such as attention, most important influence on the processes of memory, executive functions, as well as examining the etiopathogenesis to prenatal, perinatal and postnatal problems the child encounters at school. risk factors, such as various pathological processes This allows us to identify the difficulties that the child during pregnancy, hypoxic-ischemic and infectious faces in learning and communication and to develop manifestations that affect the activity not yet appropriate methods of correction and support. ompletely the formed brain of the fetus and newborn, various traumatic processes during the period of labor Despite the fairly large volume of research studies in and at the end of the child's illness in the first year of this area, the problems of the etiological and life. pathogenetic factors of ADHD remain to this day not fully disclosed, that is, the authors do not have a unified In addition, regarding these factors, there are opinions opinion on them. that their outcomes largely depend on the socio- psychological situation surrounding them. For example, There are many scientists who suggest a genetic basis in children from families with high socio-economic for the syndrome, citing the frequent presence of status, the functional consequences of prenatal, birth similar behavioral characteristics in close relatives in and postnatal periods, by 6-7 years, have almost such children, as well as the presence of a large number complete recovery, whereas in patients from families of neuropsychiatric syndromes in the family of these with a low socio-economic level, this is not observed patients. and, as a rule, functional deviations persist. Hereditary components occupy a significant place Currently, according to the majority of scientists, the among the factors in the formation of attention deficit fundamental basis of pathogenetic processes in ADHD hyperactivity disorder. In this situation, there is also a is a failure in the activity of the activating system of the lot of evidence demonstrating a fairly high degree of limbic-reticular complex (LRC), since it is this complex correlation relationships for this syndrome in that plays the main role of regulating learning, monozygotic twins, amounting to 80 to 100%), memory, attention, emotional experiences, as well as International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research 24 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265) in the processing of incoming endogenous and thinking, excessive activity in a new, unfamiliar exogenous information. situation, and delays in development of fine motor skills, spontaneous occurrence of various tic Patients in this category experience a certain hyperkinesis or nocturnal enuresis is possible in such dysfunction in the system, which leads to incorrect children; in 100% of cases, emotional lability and information processing, causing overload and chaos of manifestations of negativism are noted. incoming information, with overload and overstrain of the child, which in turn forms general anxiety, The manifestations of the above-mentioned signs irritability and aggressiveness. become clearly expressed with the arrival of the child in a new group (kindergarten or school), where The initial signs of the clinical picture of attention completely new requirements and people await him. If deficit hyperactivity disorder in children can essentially in the so-called comfortable conditions, that is, in the be observed already in the first months of life (the familiar home environment, the rules by which he lived importance of identifying diseases in the first year of worked, then in a new, stressful situation they do not life) of the child. Such children are usually distinguished work at all. This leads to even more severe nervous by their high susceptibility and increased response to shocks for the child. Usually, children with ADHD can stimuli. disrupt classes with their bad behavior and attract In addition, the child may show his anxiety absolutely everyone's attention, and cannot find a common groundlessly, in particular by very loud and frequent language with their peers. crying, he has a sleep disorder and, most importantly, a Because of which in most cases they are alone, in sleeping position, namely, with the body arched addition to this the child does not react to the backwards, such children do not fall asleep for a