Обзор трендов по противодействию киберпреступности, связанной с использованием технологий искусственного интеллекта

Аннотация

This article analyses the current threats posed by the malicious use of artificial intelligence technologies in cybercrime, as well as international cooperation to counter such crimes. Keywords: cybercrime, cybersecurity, misuse of AI, criminal justice, Interpol, UNODC, Budapest Convention In the last decade, solutions based on artificial intelligence (AI) have deeply integrated in our lives. It is likely that this trend will continue to grow in popularity over the next 10 years: AI solutions are already being integrated not only into routine tasks, but are also widely used in the performance of some particularly important government tasks, such as ensuring national security. Thus, a number of governments uses AI to tackle the challenges of countering (detection and prediction) cybercrime [10]. In addition, machine learning technologies can create AI capable of securing critical infrastructure. Such AI is actively used by the US Department of Energy, which has the most powerful supercomputers in the world to secure critical infrastructure. Moreover, national security and intelligence agencies have recognized the potential of AI technologies to assist in achieving objectives related to national and public security [3]. Today, many governments are successfully working on creation worldwide legislation to regulate particularly sensitive cybersecurity issues. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, organized criminal groups have significantly enhanced their crime-as-a-service capabilities, allowing them to generate greater financial gains while minimizing the chances of being detected by law enforcement and held accountable for their actions [14]. For example, hackers use AI technologies to scan networks, find vulnerabilities and then attack; resort to social engineering using AI to generate more convincing and personalized phishing emails; and create malware. In general, cybercrime is being democratized as more and more powerful algorithms fall into the hands of inexperienced hackers. It is important to note that the offences continue to involve experienced hackers hired anywhere in the world via Internet. To counter AI-related cybercrime and obtain cybersecurity as a whole, international applicable instruments are used. Such instruments may be considered as legal frameworks, treaties, agreements, and guidelines established by countries or international organisations that facilitate cooperation, coordination, and effective responses to cybercrime across borders. The aim of this study is to explore the emerging problem of AI-related cybercrime during 2019-2024, and to analyse global responses to obtain cybersecurity. So, this study revolves around four key objectives: 1. To make a review of AI-powered cybersecurity trends in world; 2. To give possible vectors of strategic partnership between inter-governmental organisations on countering AI-powered cybercrime; 3. To signify international applicable instruments to counter AI-powered cybercrime; 4. To outline the ongoing work of international organisations in terms of international cybersecurity cooperation. Цифровые технологии в системе правовых отношений (молодежное пространство науки) The landscape of digital threats has undergone a profound transformation over the past few decades, driven by technological advancements and the digital interconnectedness of the world. As society increasingly relies on digital technology for communication, commerce, and critical infrastructure, the threat landscape has evolved in complexity and sophistication. Artificial Intelligence as a Tool Artificial Intelligence now wields a dual-edged influence reshaping the cybersecurity landscape. This dynamic necessitates continuous innovation in defenсe strategies to counteract increasingly sophisticated threats. On the attack front, AI is empowering adversaries with more complex methods such as advanced phishing schemes and deepfakes. Noteworthy incidents include a Russian deepfake of the U.S. Ambassador and a deceptive deepfake impersonating a CFO to prompt an HSBC employee to transfer $25 million [18,20]. A report by cybersecurity firm SplashNext reveals a dramatic increase in these tactics: malicious phishing emails rose by 1,265%, and credential phishing surged by 967% since the fourth quarter of 2022 [18]. Cybercriminals are exploiting generative AI tools like ChatGPT to create highly targeted business email compromise (BEC) and other phishing campaigns. And we are already seeing widespread use of other AI tools like voice cloning services to deliver more impactful social engineering attacks. The rapid evolution of these AI-based threats–in speed, volume, and complexity – signals a pressing need for advanced defensive mechanisms in the cybersecurity sector. Conversely, AI is also bolstering cybersecurity defences. Through automation and sophisticated AI-based security modules, these tools can detect and take the first steps in responding to threats thus helping security teams respond faster