Age Characteristics of Primary School Students and Their Readiness for Universal Activities

Аннотация

concepts; development” developed by LS Vygotsky, primary school students may not yet be ready to perform complex learning 3. Interest in work and social roles - through universal activities completely independently, but they strive to activities, students learn to work in a team, take on roles, perform these activities with the support of adults (teacher and feel responsible; or peer). Through such activities, the child not only acquires new knowledge, but also reveals his inner 4. By being able to answer reflective questions - intellectual potential. This is the most favorable and natural "What did I learn?", "What was difficult?", "Why is this pedagogical condition for the formation of universal important?" - the child begins to understand his or her own learning activities. work. Psychological-chronological characteristics These preparatory stages are brought about by a properly organized learning environment by the teacher. For Elementary school students are typically between the ages example, a lesson process enriched with person-centered, of 6 and 10. This stage is characterized by the following differentiated approaches ensures easy adaptation to developmental milestones: universal activities. - Decreased neutrality in perception and thinking – Pedagogical conditions and methodological solutions the child is able to associate a specific object with more meaning; To increase the level of readiness for universal educational activities, the following conditions must exist in the - Emotional sensitivity – especially social educational environment: evaluation, teacher and peer opinions play an important role; - Methodologically rich and psychologically https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjp 20 CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS (ISSN: 2767-3278) favorable learning environment; So, universal activities: - Lessons based on playful, experimental, and - It should include actions such as observing, testing, project-based activities; comparing, and constructing; - Didactic approaches that encourage and enhance - Adaptation of the student to learning through positive emotional attitudes; demonstration and imagery; - Adaptive methodologies that take into account the - Each task should be explained in a real-life context individual pace of each student. and linked to personal experience. From this perspective, the effective formation of universal According to Vygotsky, child development is shaped by educational activities requires a high level of social activity and communication. This means that the methodological reflection from the teacher, in-depth main forms of universal educational activities - group knowledge of the characteristics of the psychological work, role-playing games, problem-solving tasks - serve to development of students, and the ability to establish foster a creative approach, social awareness, and personal empathetic communication with them. responsibility. It is important to rely on specific stages of ontogenesis in Criteria for determining the level of readiness of students the effective formulation of universal educational activities for elementary school students. According to Piaget's The following scientifically based system of criteria can be theory of cognitive development, children of this age are in proposed to determine the level of readiness of students for the concrete operations stage, they think based on concrete, universal activities: visible examples and are able to solve real-world problems. Criteria Indicators Cognitive activity Asking independent questions, looking for logical connections Being able to analyze one's own thoughts, answer "why" Reflexivity questions Ability to work in a group, accept different opinions, and Social interaction compromise with peers Emotional preparation Active participation, interest in the lesson, creative initiative Moral perception and Being able to distinguish between good and bad, judgment skills understanding one's behavior https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjp 21 CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS (ISSN: 2767-3278) educator is to activate these resources.” Therefore, it is Based on these criteria, the student's readiness for UOF is important to assess students' readiness for universal accurately assessed and the possibility of an individual activities, taking into account their individual capabilities. approach increases. Didactic approach and age-appropriate methods The following strategic approaches are proposed to increase the readiness of primary school students for RESULTS AND DISCUSSION universal educational activities: Age-appropriate teaching methods serve to reveal the 1. Creating a positive psychological environment: student's need for knowledge. Primary school students Recognizing the success of each student, teaching them not better absorb knowledge that is concrete and figurative, to be afraid of mistakes, and providing emotional support. close to life experience, rather than abstract concepts. Therefore, th