The state of prosecutorial control over execution of land legislation in foreign countries

Аннотация

This article examines the distribution of land resources in foreign countries, general issues of state CITATION regulation of land relations in certain developed Abdukhakimov Murodullo Togaevich. (2025). The state of prosecutorial countries and CIS states, as well as different approaches control over execution of land legislation in foreign countries. The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology, 7(06), 53–59. to monitoring compliance with land legislation in the https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume07Issue06-10 United States, Europe, and the CIS. It explores the role of prosecutor’s offices in overseeing land law COPYRIGHT enforcement abroad, the organizational structures of © 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms prosecutorial bodies established for land oversight, and of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License. their respective functions and responsibilities. The article also presents relevant statistical data, analyzes the classification of foreign prosecutor’s offices into those responsible for criminal prosecution and those tasked with legal oversight, and highlights theoretical aspects of the topic. Scientific perspectives, expert opinions, and ongoing scholarly debates are also considered. Furthermore, the article includes proposals for improving the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on advanced international practices in the state regulation of land relations, along with the author’s personal conclusions related to the topic. Keywords: Prosecutor’s office, prosecutorial supervision, land, land reform, agricultural land, irrigated land, foreign countries, civil relations, illegal and unauthorized use of land, liability. Introduction: Traditionally, land has been regarded as one of the most critical factors of production, serving as a foundation for infrastructure development and the provision of various public services. The effective utilization of land resources has a significant impact on the socio-economic development of any nation, influencing levels of hunger, poverty, and the overall well-being of the population. The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 53 https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajpslc The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology The structure of the global land fund is constantly experience in the rational and targeted use of land changing under the influence of two opposing resources, as well as the incorporation of its advanced processes. The first process reflects humanity’s efforts practices into national legislation and prosecutorial to expand the area of land suitable for habitation and oversight activities, is acquiring particular relevance. agricultural activities by enhancing soil fertility, It should be noted that in the majority of foreign implementing land reclamation, drainage, irrigation, countries, especially in developed nations, the state and and developing coastal zones. The second process society view the creation of favorable conditions for the involves the withdrawal of land from agricultural use rational and targeted use of land, along with the as a result of erosion, desertification, industrial and protection of land users' rights and interests, as one of transport development, open-pit mining, their most important objectives. waterlogging, and soil salinization. Notably, the second METHODS process is developing at a faster rate. Consequently, the primary challenge facing the global land fund today In the process of managing, utilizing, and protecting land is the degradation of agricultural land, leading to a resources, both economically developed and significant reduction in arable land area per capita [1, developing countries prioritize agricultural land, with a pp. 88–92]. particular emphasis on fertile agricultural areas. It is impossible to examine the international experience of It is well known that the total area of the global land prosecutorial oversight in this field without briefly fund is approximately 13.4 billion hectares. On addressing the characteristics of land relations average, each person accounts for 1.7 hectares of land. development and the legal foundations governing them However, the distribution of land resources across in foreign countries. regions and countries is highly uneven. It should be noted that in our country, the issues of The largest shares of land resources are concentrated prosecutorial oversight over the enforcement of land in Africa (30.3 million km²) and Asia (27.7 million km²). legislation abroad have not yet been comprehensively Meanwhile, the greatest per capita land area is found and systematically studied from a scientific perspective. in Australia and Oceania—averaging 33 hectares per The works of Uzbek scholars such as B.Pulatov, person. F.Rakhimov, Z.Ibragimov, T.Mirzaev, O.Madaliev, Currently, the countries with the largest land areas are T.Umarov, I.Juraev, A.Komilov, A.A.Makhmudov, and Russia (