PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF THE DRIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON MOVEMENT SAFETY.

Аннотация

In this article, the influence of the driver's psychophysiological state on traffic safety isanalyzed. Theimportance of stress, fatigue, distracted attention, andmental state ishighlighted. Based on the scientific facts presented in the article, we pointed out the need to improve the psychophysiological stateofdrivers. Keywords: driver, character, stress, fatigue, pressure, risk. Introduction. Studies show that under stress, the driver's decision-making speed and ability to think clearly decrease, which can lead to road accidents. The reaction rate of a tired driver creates a state similar to that of a driver who has consumed alcohol. Distracting factors, such as telephone conversations, external noise, or music, can distract the driver from the road and lead tomaking wrong decisions in dangerous situations. Mental state, for example, mood, also has a significant impact on thedriver's road safety. Drivers who are in a bad mood or angry tend to violate traffic rules, which can lead to road accidents. Also, psychomotor functions, that is, the ability to react quickly and maintain balance, play an importantrole insafe driving. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct medical and psychological examinations, as well as regular training to improve and control the psychophysiological state of drivers. This contributes to ensuring the safety of the driver, as well as road safety, and reduces road accidents. The article also provides practical recommendations for improving the psychophysiological state of drivers[1]. 1.Theinfluenceofpsychophysiologicalstate and stress. The driver's mental state, their psychological and physiological state, directly affects road safety. Stress, irritability, and an aggressive mood weaken the driver's decision-making ability. Studies show that the probability of accidents by drivers under stress increases 2-3 times. In such cases, thedriver cannot makequick and accurate decisions. http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 149 Volume 15Issue 07, July 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 Figure 1.Fatigue and stress Drivers in a state of stress can also slow down their reactions. This situation prevents the driver from making the right decisions quickly and taking the right actions. According to research, distracting factors have a greater impact on drivers under stress. For example, external noise, telephone conversations, or other unpleasant situations can distract the driver's attention from the road. This, in turn, leads to making wrong decisions in dangerous situations. Long-term exposure to stress can also affect physical condition. In drivers who have been under stress for a long time, the heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, and muscles strengthen. These situations lead to fatigue of the driver and a decrease in his attention, as a result of which it becomes difficult to make the right decisions and react in a timely manner in dangerous situations[3]. 2.Fatigueandlack ofsleep. Fatigue significantly slows down the driver's reaction rate. According to research, drivers who have been deprived of sleep for more than 18 hours have the same reaction rate as those who have consumed alcohol. The effects of fatigue can be felt during long-distance driving. This reduces road safety. Effects ofsleep deprivation: Lack ofsleep seriously affects thedriver's psychomotor abilities. Prolonged lack ofsleep reduces the driver's reaction rate, makes it difficult to concentrate, and weakens the ability to make quick decisions. Studies show that drivers who are not adequately rested from sleep are equally likely to make mistakes compared to drivers who have consumed alcohol, and the likelihood of accidentsincreases. Tired drivers often make wrong decisions in dangerous situations, not realizing that they need to drive more carefully. For example, a tired driver may struggle to maintain the pre-planned speed orexperience significant braking delays, which can lead to a traffic accident. http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 150 Volume 15Issue 07, July 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 Fig. 2.Lack ofsleep. The effect of fatigue in long-distance driving. Sleep deprivation during long-distance driving, especially at night or for a long time, significantly reduces the driver's safety. Studies show that drivers who do not sleep for a long time experience a decrease in their psychomotor and cognitive functions. In this case, the driver may not feel fatigue, which prevents them from responding to dangerous situations sufficiently quickly. For example, a driver who has been on the road for a long time may have difficulty concentrating their attention and may not notice their physical condition. As a result, the driver may encounter a dangerous situation without realizing their fatigue. Therefore, during long-distance driving, it is important to take regular breaks,