TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (TMS) - A METHOD USED TO TREAT EARLY AUTISM IN THE ARAL SEA REGION

Аннотация

The article presents a review and analytical study of the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as an additional method of treating autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children, using the example of practice in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The author, psychiatrist Umida Yusupbaevna Niyazimbetova, focuses on the relevance of the problem of early childhood autism, the difficulties of diagnosis and the limitations of traditional methods of therapy. TMS is considered as a promising, non-invasive neuromodulation technology capable of correcting key symptoms of ASD: decreased social adaptation, autostimulation, anxiety, and deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication. Based on data from international and domestic studies, including clinical observations at the Nukus Psychoneurological Dispensary, the potential effectiveness of TMS has been substantiated, especially when using repetitive (rTMS) and theta-rhythmic stimulation (iTBS). The proposed neurophysiological mechanisms of action of TMS are considered: restoration of the balance of excitation and inhibition in the brain, stimulation of the prefrontal cortex, improvement of neuroplasticity and emotional regulation. The need for an integrated approach combining TMS with behavioral therapy and cognitive rehabilitation is emphasized. Despite the encouraging results, the author notes the limited evidence base, small samples and the need for further randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless, TMS is considered a promising direction in neuropsychiatry, opening up new opportunities for improving the qualityof lifeofchildren with ASD. Key words: autism, early childhood autism, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), neuromodulation, rTMS, iTBS, neuroplasticity, social adaptation, behavioral therapy, child psychiatry, innovativetreatment methods. I.INTRODUCTION Recently, an anomaly of mental development called early childhood autism (ECA) has been included in scientificresearch and practice in psychiatry. We are talking about children with a special pathology of the nervous system, which makes it difficult for the child to form emotional contacts with the outside world and, most of all, with people. These children lack communication and interaction with the outside world and people. This feeling most often arises in early childhood, and therefore distorts the entire course ofthechild’s mental development, which, inturn, hinders his social adaptation. In the absence of timely diagnosis and adequate psychological and pedagogical correction, a 98,7:ROTCAFTCAPMI.SECNEICSLACIDEM ,5202 , yluJ,5emuloV gro.srehsilbupcimedaca.www significant portion of such children become unteachable and maladapted to life in society. Conversely, if correction is started in a timely manner, most autistic children can study at school, often revealing giftedness in certain areas ofknowledge and art. Currently, our country is actively searching for various approaches - medicinal and, first of all, psychological and pedagogical, aimed at correcting autistic dysontogenesis and normalizing themental development of such achild. II.MAIN PART Autism (from the Latin word authos - oneself) manifests itself as a separation from reality, isolation from the world, absence or paradoxical reactions to external influences, passivity andhyper-vulnerability incontacts with theenvironment as awhole. [1,p.2] It should be emphasized that autism is associated, first of all, with a violation of adequate emotional connection with the people around the child. At the same time, the child seems not to notice anyone around him. He does not respond to the question, does not ask anything and does not ask for anything, avoids looking into the eyes of another person, often even his mother. These difficulties are very clearly evident in contacts with peers: ignoring, active withdrawal, contemplation from the side, playing “nearby”. If people around him persistently try to involve such a child in interaction with others, then the child becomes anxious, tense, and sometimesaggressive. With the progress of drug therapy and psychological and pedagogical correction of early childhood autism, the problem of TMS is becoming increasingly significant - a promising, but still auxiliary method in the treatment of mental disorders in children. It does not replace drug and behavioral therapy, but may improve treatment effectiveness inresistant cases. The methodis being actively studied, particularly inrelation to autism,depression andADHD. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an innovative method of neurostimulation that is actively researched and used to treat various neurological and mental disorders. This methodis based ontheuseof magneticpulses that stimulate certain areas ofthebrain. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that uses a magnetic field to stimulate specific areas of the brain. In child psychiatry, TMS is used as an adjuncti