Lex sportiva: новая концепция управления спортом

Аннотация

the article highlights the legal nature of the Arbitration Groups considering subsequent cases in order concept of lex sportiva, as well as an analysis of the prac- to establish the legality and protect the rights and interests tice of its use in the Court of Arbitration for Sport. The his- of sports bodies and athletes. The practical application of tory of formation and the internal structure of lex sportiva, an authoritative array of case law in the framework of the the origin of the concept of “lex sportiva” is considered. In CAS and national sports arbitration has been greatly facili- addition, special attention is paid in the article to studying tated by the introduction of open public access to most the role of the Court of Arbitration for Sport in the emer- arbitral awards. gence of the concept under consideration. A comparative In addition, the role of the CAS is not only to interpret analysis of the normative complexes lex sportiva and lex the regulations of sports federations, but more to identify mercatoria is carried out. Moreover, the author focuses on the most effective standards and create a harmonized the trans-national character of lex sportiva, as well as the unwritten set of rules that reflect the best practice of law- interaction and correlation of this concept with internation- making and law enforcement in the field of sports. Thus, al sports law. CAS develops standards for international sports federa- Key words: lex sportiva, court of arbitration of sport, tions. sports disputes, lex mercatoria, precedent, transnational The concept of lex sportiva is a neologism, which is in- legal order. creasingly used to denote the system of transnational sports norms. In the narrow sense, lex sportiva comes Аннотация: в статье освещается правовая приро- down to the decisions of CAS, which formulated a number да понятия lex sportiva, а также анализ практики его of principles dictated by the rules and regulations of the использования в Спортивном арбитражном суде. Рас- adjacent legal order and the circumstances of the sports сматривается история становления и внутренней competitions and events themselves. These principles структуры lex sportiva, происхождение понятия «lex have been developed with the aim of ensuring the unity of sportiva». Кроме того, в статье особое внимание уде- the transnational law and order in the field of sports. ляется изучению роли Спортивного арбитражного суда It is believed that for the first time the term lex sportiva в возникновении рассматриваемой концепции. Прове- was put into circulation on the initiative of the current CAS ден сравнительный анализ нормативных комплексов Secretary-General Matthew Reeb simultaneously with the lex sportiva и lex mercatoria. Вместе с тем, автор акцен- publication of the first Digest of CAS awards 1986-1998. тирует внимание на транснациональный характер lex Already in the preface to the second Digest of CAS sportiva, а также на взаимодействии и взаимосвязи awards for 1998–2000, Mr. Reeb wrote that the first Digest этой концепции с международным спортивным пра- testified the fact of the formation of lex sportiva in the pro- вом. cess of considering CAS disputes. The neologism of lex Ключевые слова: lex sportiva, cпортивный арбит- sportiva cannot be considered Latinism, since the adjec- ражный суд, спортивные споры, lex mercatoria, преце- tive “sportiva” is not Latin in origin. Therefore, it is believed дент, транснациональный правопорядок. that the term lex sportiva was created by analogy with the medieval term lex mercatoria. Аннотация: мақолада lex sportiva тушунчасининг Lex sportiva is an interesting example of global legal ҳуқуқий табиати ёритилган бўлиб, шунингдек, унинг pluralism, is outside the framework of state regulation and спорт арбитраж судида қўллланилиши ва амалиёти is formed in the process of resolving international sports бўйича таҳлиллар олиб борилган. Lex sportiva disputes between private actors. Lex sportiva is an auton- тушунчасининг келиб чиқиши тарихи, унинг omous regulatory system that includes the Olympic Char- шаклланиши ва ички тузилиши масалалари кўриб ter [2], the World Anti-Doping Code [3], which is an exam- чиқилган. Бундан ташқари, ушбу мақолада мазкур ple of public-private regulation of sporting legal relations, Концепциянинг пайдо бўлишида спорт арбитраж norms of international sports federations and national судининг роли ва аҳамиятига алоҳида эътибор sports bodies that establish the rights and obligations of қаратилган. Lex sportiva ва lex mercatoria норматив private actors within an international sports family. The комплекслари бўйича қиёсий таҳлиллар олиб source of their legality is a high degree of self-fulfillment of борилган. these norms, which is finally confirmed through an appeal Шунингдек, муаллиф томонидан lex sportiva to an external arbitration body, the competence of which is концепциясининг трансмиллий характерига ҳамда written directly in the contract between the parties. унинг Халқаро спорт