CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPHIC ULCER OF THE ORAL CAVITY

Аннотация

Leukoplakia of the oral mucosa (OM) is the most common potentially malignant disease characterized by the appearance of white, non-erasable spots that have no alternative clinical and histological diagnosis. The article presents modern concepts of the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical forms, diagnostics and treatment of leukoplakia. Particular attention is paid to the issues of dysplasia and precancerous potential of the disease. A review of modern approaches to therapy and dispensary observation of patients withthis disease isconducted. Key words:leukoplakia, oral mucosa, dysplasia, precancerous disease, treatment. Introduction. Trophic ulcers of the oral mucosa are increasingly common in young patients worldwide. Often, secondary lesions of the vascular system or significant exacerbation of somatic diseases were detected in this category of patients [1]. According to recent studies, patients with trophic ulcers of the oral mucosa with the following characteristic features currently pose a particular challenge: fairly rapid progression of trophic ulcers and high resistance of trophic defects to standard treatment methods [2]. Often, the treatment of trophic ulcers is difficult to conservative therapy, which led to the need for surgical excision withsubsequent therapy, frequent relapse. The task of the dentist is to make an accurate diagnosis, determine the etiopathogenesis of the disease and choose the optimal algorithm for diagnosing trophic ulcers of the oral mucosa. The issue of improving the treatment of trophic ulcers of the oral cavity, as well as the implementation of preventive measures, remains open [6]. This dissertation research was conducted at theTashkent StateDental Institute, inthe department oftherapeutic dentistry in 2022-2025. The study involved 75 people, including 55 patients with trophic ulcers of the oral mucosa and 20 healthy individuals without lesions of the oral mucosa. The study included people aged 65-75 years, including 28 men and 27 women. The average age of the subjects was 69.4±0.9years. Clinical examination of healthy patients diagnostics assessment began with the collection of 98,7:ROTCAFTCAPMI .SECNEICSLACIDEM ,5202, enuJ,5emuloV gro.srehsilbupcimedaca.www subjective data regulation, complaints and anamnesis data were analyzed. Next, an external examination, palpation of the patient's lymph nodes, as well as palpation of the trigger facial andtrigeminal nerves, theclinical state ofthetemporomandibular jointwere carried out. The dentition was examined, the dental formula, the state of the mucous membrane and the features oftheperiodontium were filled in. The study appeared microflora candidiasis oral cavity periodontitis when trophic hygienic ulcer disease was chronic presented average microscopic which method or study of lesions of smears healing from dental mucous membranes was membranes in the medical field of pathologies oflesions. Immunological research was conducted in the laboratory. When studying mucosal immunity, thefollowing indicators were assessed: levels ofIgA, IgM andIgG, as well as sIgA in saliva. cavity During the microbiological examination of Ibragimov in the patients with trophic ulcer of the oral mucosa in 25.5% of cases the proportion of the sown diagnostics mainly literary coccal flora, in dentistry average analysis the proportion of many strains resulted was 22.3±6.3%, in 16.2% of cases of microbiological diseases spitting Streptococcus students spp. were detected, in 14.3% - vascular Staphylococcus group spp., in 14.5% - better Peptostreptococcus us spp., in 28.7% - dentistry Enterococcus light spp. Gram- negative trophic cocci were registered in 42.9% of the designated cases, Rakhimov from ulcers of them p.pract Neisseria in 13%. Plasma Gram-negative bacilli were isolated in 21.0%ofpatients, conservativeof thesigns ofthem compare enterobacteria in 5.3%ofcases, people Pseudomonas tissue spp. - in 4.7%. In 70.2% of cases, B.forsynthus was detected; T.due to denticola - in 42.4%; P.gingivales in 53.2%; P.ulcers intermedia - 60.0%; A.actinomycetencomitans - 12.1%. In patients with the problem of coronavirus in the literature, comparison groups were simply detected recorded cases ofB.forsynthus in 68.5%; T.pandemic denticola - in 38.4%; P.gingivales in 60.2%; P.intermedia - 54.1%; A.although actinomycetencomitans–10.9%. treatment Concentration of factor Porphyromonas somatic gingivalis, preparation Tannerella after forsythensis and timely Prevotella scientific intermedia, such Treponema deaths denticola, and the value also rapid amount clinical general therapeutic bacterial account mass, directed was burning higher in neutrophils of patients with the amount of trophic which ulcer optimization by coronavirus compared with pathology control patients group. treatment Gram-negative Tashkent cocci p. differences Neisseria tashkent were recorded in 8.2% of mucous cases. analogue Gram-negative result of sticks dentistry were sown in 14.0%ofpatie