RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING PREECLAMPSIA IN WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF SEVERE PREECLAMSIA AND PYELONEPHRITIS

Аннотация

Abstract. Preeclampsia is one of the most pressing problems of modern obstetrics, for which there is a lack of reliable early prognostic and diagnostic signs, effective preventive and therapeutic measures. This disease is the main cause of maternal and perinatal mortality, accounting for 12.1-23.2%. In addition, the number of asymptomatic and atypical forms of preeclampsia has also increased [4,6,7]. Risk factors for the development of preeclampsia are: a history of preeclampsia, genetic predisposition, chronic kidney disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune diseases such as antiphospholipid syndrome, diabetes mellitus, multiple pregnancy, congenital and acquired thrombophilia, vascular diseases, the age of the pregnant woman under 20 or over 35 years, obesity, drug use. Despite numerous studies conducted around the world, the problem has not yet been solved. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia are not fully understood, there are many hypotheses (more than 40) regarding its etiology and pathogenesis. The most widely accepted pathogenesis hypothesis currently suggests that an imbalance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors (e.g. VEGF, PGF, and their tyrosine kinase-associated receptors) plays a key role in placental hypoxia [1,3,4]. Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by dysfunction of multiple organ systems in a pregnant woman due to multiple organ failure. Preeclampsia is a classic complication of pregnancy, with 6–8% of pregnant women in developing countries and 0.4% in developed countries suffering from preeclampsia. Preeclampsia affects 1.5–8.0 million women in developing countries and 50–370,000 in developed countries each year.