BASIC PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR NUTRITION OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE

Аннотация

Today, the quality and structure of nutrition of different groups of the population is changing, which has a negativeimpact ontheir intake ofbiologically valuable proteins, vitamins, and a number of minerals. In particular, improper and insufficient nutrition is one of the reasons why women of reproductive age get seriously ill before and after childbirth, and even die prematurely. In particular, malnutrition is becoming one of the main factors of maternal and child mortality (Black et al., 2013). Accordingly, it is important to study the actual diet of women ofreproductive ageand develop measures to organizetheir healthy diet. In the world, a number of scientific studies are being conducted to determine the nutritional status of various population groups, including women of reproductive age, and to develop the concept of healthy nutrition. In this regard, prevention and elimination of malnutrition, identification of related conditions, substantiation of its medical and biological aspects, and analysis from a physiological point ofview occupy a special place. Key words: Reproductive, conception, medical-biological, macronutrient, biomolecule, carbohydrates, metabolism,enzyme, mineral, vitamins. Macronutrients provide the body with calories, as well as perform other functions. Food, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the body and the preservation of life, is our main source ofenergy. Some nutrients, called macronutrients, should be consumed in higher amounts, 55% to 60%. carbohydrates, 25to30%fat and 12% protein. Nutrition plays an important role in keeping the reproductive system of women healthy. Hormonal balance, fertility, and the general state of the body depend on the quality of the food we eat. Therefore, in addition to protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals have their placein the food. Food provides the bodywith essential nutrients that are involved in all systems, including the reproductive system. The lack or excess of some components can disrupt the hormonal balance, affect the regularity of the cycle and the ability to conceive. A diet during menopause should include calcium to strengthen bones, as well as foods with plant estrogens, such as soy, to reduce symptoms ofhormonal changes. They can be defined as follows: proteins build and restore the body, fats and carbohydrates are fuel. Digestion is the first step in obtaining energy from food. Remember that when we talk about energy, we are talking about calories. In this context, it is important to note that the total amount of energy intake is the result of the sum of all foods and liquids with caloric value that a person consumes withoutexception during theday. Proteins make up 20% of body weight and 50% of cell dry weight. Proteins are the basis of the skin (membrane), nucleus, nucleoli, mitochondria, cytoplasm, and its organelles. The function of proteins in the body is diverse, they form the basis of cell composition, that is, they participate in http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 476 Volume15Issue05,June 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 the formation of cells and tissues, participate in muscle contraction, form the basis of enzymes and hormones. Proteins also play a protective role in the body. Proteins neutralize toxins and remove them from the body. Blood coagulation, transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients through the blood also takes place with the participation of proteins. Blood-forming elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes), intestinal epitheliocytes and theiractive parts, carriers (transporters) that transfer nutrients from one environment to another (intestinal blood and lymph), contractile elements in muscle cells (actin and myosin threads) also consist of proteins. All nerve cells in the body, their long (axon) and short (dendrite) fibers, synaptic nodes arealso rich in proteins. Proteins also take an active part in the process of excitation and inhibition related to the hemispheres of the brain and its cortex. Proteins, like other nutrients (similar to fats and carbohydrates), are not stored in the body in a reserve state, so it should be taken constantly with food. In order to study the need for proteins, the protein balance in the body is compared, that is, the ratio of proteins received with nutrients during the night and day and the substances formed from their breakdown during this time. The conclusion about the protein balance is made by measuring the nitrogen balance. If there is enough protein in the food, the amount of nitrogen entering and leaving thebodyis equal toeach other, andthisis called nitrogen balance (balance). Thephysiological need of protein forwomen of reproductive age ranges from 58to87 g per day. During pregnancy, it is important to provide the body with the necessary amount of protein, which is the main substance for the formation of maternal and fetal tissues. In the firs