THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES OF TRANSLATION STUDIES: LEXICAL- PHRASEOLOGICAL EQUIVALENCE AND ADEQUACY IN TRANSLATION

Аннотация

Данная статья посвящена разделу лексикологии, связанному с фразеологией. В ней проводится сопоставительный лингвокультурный анализ фразеологических и идиоматических единиц с названиями одежды в английском и узбекском языках. Также раскрываются особенности фразеологических средств, ярко отражающих менталитет, культуру, обычаи и традиции каждого народа с точки зрения 94 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference двух языков (английского и узбекского). В статье также представлены важные сведения о фразеологических единицах. Ключевые слова: лингвокультурный, идиоматическое выражение, лексикология, межкультурная коммуникация, когнитивный подход, сферы концептов, фразеологические единицы. Linguacultural study is a field that combines two different areas: culture studies and language studies. This field looks at how language and culture work together. It studies how this connection starts, grows, and shows up both in the way language is built and in wider social situations. Cultural-language studies try to find out how culture affects the way people use language and how language shows cultural identity and worldview. On one side, it looks at how human experience is built into language expressions that are shaped by cultural rules. On the other side, it studies how people interact with and understand language through their cultural background. Every language works not only as a way to communicate but also as a storage place for a nation's historical memory, traditional way of life, values, geographical surroundings, and shared ideas. Many of these are quietly hidden in sayings and expressions. So, language becomes like a mirror that shows a people's way of life. People learning foreign languages often have trouble fully understanding the deeper meanings behind phrase expressions of another culture until they learn about that culture's traditions, social behaviors, and ways of thinking. Even though a lot of research has been done on the grammar, meaning, and sentence structure analysis of phrase groups, studying them from a cultural-language perspective - looking at how cultural elements are built into these expressions - is still not well developed. Growing this area of research is important for a fuller understanding of cross-cultural communication and effective language learning. The basic connection between language and culture was first explained by the German scholar Wilhelm Humboldt. He said that a person's language reflects the world in a way that brings it to life. He stressed that language contains the identity of its speakers and includes their way of life and cultural worldview. Later, important scholars such as M.M.Pokrovsky, G.V.Stepanov, A.A.Potebnya, D.S.Likhachev, Y.M.Lotman, and F.I.Busayev made significant contributions to the development of cultural-language studies. They built the theoretical and scientific foundation for this field. In Uzbek language studies, pioneering contributions to cultural-language studies were made by researchers such as Sh.Safarov, D.Khudoyberganov, N.Mahmudov, and Sh.Usmanova. More 95 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference recently, the comparison study of Uzbek phrases with other languages from a cultural-language and thinking perspective has become popular. Scholars like B.Safaraliyev, G.Bakiyeva, and N.Nasrullayeva have explored how to group phrase expressions by meaning. They put them into idea areas such as religion, legend, history, literature, geography, and national identity. Also, Professor A.Mamatov has looked at phrase groups from a historical word-origin viewpoint. He emphasizes that many sayings come from Uzbek cultural realities. He also notes how both related and unrelated languages have influenced Uzbek phrases through borrowing and adaptation processes. Indeed, studying phrases through a cultural-language view is important not only for understanding language in its social and historical context but also for keeping the non-physical heritage that is hidden in expressions. Especially in multilingual societies like Uzbekistan, looking at how sayings reflect cultural values and historical experiences makes cross-cultural communication better and deepens appreciation for the richness of the native language. In English, sayings that contain names of clothing and footwear items are quite common. These expressions have often existed for centuries, and in many cases, their literal connections to clothing have disappeared, making their meanings harder to figure out for language learners. To help understanding, here are selected sayings related to clothing items such as hats, belts, shoes, and gloves in Uzbek and English. 1.One such idiom is “Tighten your belt”, which literally suggests pulling one’s belt tighter but figuratively means to reduce spending or live more frugally, usually during tough financial times. “With rising prices, we’l