The Effectiveness of Improving Endurance Through A Training Program Adapted to The Body Somatotypes Of 17–18-Year-Old Students Studying in Different Higher Education Specialties

Аннотация

This study is aimed at developing and evaluating a special training program based on individual somatotypes to improve the endurance of 17–18-year-old university students engaged in combat sports. A total of 90 male students were divided into three groups according to body types: ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph. Each group participated in adapted endurance training sessions focused on combat sports over a 10- week period. Pre- and post-study endurance levels were assessed using the Cooper 12-minute run test and heart rate recovery analysis. The results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in endurance across all groups (p < 0.05), with mesomorphic students showing the highest rate of progress. The findings suggest that endurance training tailored to body composition is more effective in enhancing athletic performance than generalized programs. This study highlights the importance of individualized physical training in fostering youth participation in sports. Keywords: Endurance, combat sports, somatotype, training program, university students, physical fitness, sports pedagogy. their physical benefits but also for their positive effects on immunity. Introduction: In modern sports education, organizing However, the development and implementation of training processes based on students' individual customized training programs for university students, physical characteristics plays a crucial role. The ages of and their subsequent evaluation, remain an important 17–18 represent a period of rapid growth in humans, scientific and practical task. characterized by the active development of muscle strength, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. At The aim of this study is to develop a specialized training this age, key physical performance indicators can be program adapted to the somatotypes of 17–18-year- improved directly through scientifically grounded and old students, focusing on combat sports, and to health-oriented training programs. evaluate its effectiveness in improving performance outcomes. Athletes are typically classified by body type into somatotypes such as ectomorph, mesomorph, and Objective of the study: To develop and assess the endomorph. Each somatotype responds differently to effectiveness of a special physical training program physical loads, and the corresponding exercises should designed according to the somatotype of 17–18-year- reflect these distinctions. Combat sports—such as old university students engaged in combat sports to boxing, judo, and taekwondo—require a harmonious enhance endurance. combination of endurance, speed, strength, and Tasks of the study: coordination. The increasing popularity of these • To analyze literature related to the research disciplines among students is noteworthy, not only for International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research 51 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265) topic; most effective results were achieved through training programs implemented in a systematic manner • To develop a special training program for according to body composition. Their research combat sports adapted to each somatotype; explored the influence of somatotype on training • To divide 17–18-year-old university students outcomes. The study demonstrated that enhancing into ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph groups training programs and applying high-intensity, short- based on body composition; duration exercises were more effective for • To analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of endomorphic athletes, while ectomorphic athletes the program by comparing pre- and post-experiment showed better performance when subjected to results. specifically tailored loads. Their findings confirmed that Literature Review. An analysis of sports pedagogy and implementing exercises in systemic alignment with physical training literature shows the effectiveness of body structure and sport type ensures optimal physical physical exercises. Multiple scientific works suggest condition. that exercise programs tailored to body composition In L.M. Santos’s (2018) academic study, a correct (somatotype) can enhance performance. approach to training was analyzed in relation to the S.A. Qodirov (2017), in his study, emphasized the interaction between body composition and connection between body type and the effectiveness of educational programs, particularly in the context of training programs. He noted that workouts considering physical development. The research showed that somatotype led to better results. According to his individualized physical preparation based on findings, ectomorphic athletes benefit from prolonged somatotype and the development of specialized high-intensity workouts, mesomorphs from strength- exercises for each type resulted in significantly speed combinations, and endomorphs from short- improved physical performance among athletes. duration, high-intensity exercises. J