THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

Аннотация

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The main objective of this research is to explore the role of inflammatory biomarkers and endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies of ischemic heart disease. A growing body of evidence suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are central to the initiation, progression, and clinical outcomes of atherosclerosis—the primary pathological process underlying IHD. Traditionally, IHD has been attributed primarily to lipid accumulation and mechanical obstruction of coronary arteries, but contemporary research highlights the dynamic and complex interactions between immune responses, vascular biology, and metabolic regulation.