IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH PROPER ORGANIZATION OF THE UTILIZATION PROCESS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

Аннотация

This article analyzes the qualitative and quantitative study of the release of harmful substances in the production process and measures to reduce their impact on the health of workers. The impact of toxic substances, dust, gases, aerosols and other chemical elements released into the atmospheric air at industrial enterprises on the human body, as well as modern technological and environmental approaches to their reduction, is considered. The effectiveness of preventive measures, protective equipment and occupational hygiene measures is analyzed on a scientific basis. Keywords: industrial safety, harmful substances, toxic gases, dust content, medical and preventive measures, ventilation system, environmental safety, worker health, biological monitoring, technological modernization Introduction: With the development of industrial production, environmental hazards are also increasing. Harmful chemicals generated during the production process can negatively affect the health of workers. Dust, toxic gases, heavy metals, radioactive and biological factors found in production workshops are dangerous to human health. Therefore, controlling harmful substances and reducing their negative impact on workers is an urgent issue. Types of harmful substances in production and their effects on health Harmful chemicals generated during production can have a negative impact on workers' health in various ways, causing problems with the respiratory, nervous, liver and kidney systems. Therefore, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment, strengthen technical measures, improve ventilation systems and ensure constant medical monitoring to protect workers. These measures are important in protecting workers' health, making production processes safe and protecting the environment from pollution. The impact of chemicals on humans is felt directly (when preparing mixtures, treating seeds, soil, plants) and indirectly - through plant and food products, fruits and vegetables obtained from fields treated with chemicals, as well as through animal products (meat, cottage cheese, milk, eggs, etc.) and when plant products are used as feed, the content of which in the composition of which exceeds the standard level of nitrates and pesticides is higher than the norm. Pesticides are more dangerous for humans than mineral fertilizers. According to their use, pesticides are divided into https://scientific-jl.com/new 11 11 22 Volume–78_Issue-1_June-2025 JOURNAL OF NEW CENTURY INNOVATIONS insecticides (for combating insects), acaricides (for ticks), rodenticides (for harmful rodents), fungicides (for fungi), bactericides (for bacteria), herbicides (for weeds), etc. According to hygienic properties, pesticides are classified as follows: - according to toxicity when administered to experimental animals in the stomach (highly toxic, highly toxic, low toxic); - according to toxicity through the skin (acute, moderate and weakly expressed); - according to volatility (highly dangerous, dangerous and low dangerous); - according to the strong effect of toxic substances on the body (highly, significant, moderate, low); 11 - according to their stability in the soil (very stable - poisoning for more than 2 years, stable - from 0.5 to 2 years, medium stable - from 1 to 6 months and low stable - up to 1 month). The main methods of preventing poisoning with pesticides and mineral fertilizers: compliance with the norms, rules and instructions for labor protection when working with them. Workers should use personal and collective protective equipment, strictly observe the rules for agricultural machinery, processing crops and the amount of chemical preparations consumed, carry out chemical treatments at a sufficient distance from residential areas, livestock farms, water bodies, observe the permitted wind speed, the period of the last chemical treatment of crops before harvesting; use only tested and permitted preparations. Persons who do not meet medical requirements and have undergone initial and periodic medical examinations are allowed to work with pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Chemicals: Sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), phenols, formaldehyde, ammonia, and other gases can harm workers' health. Long- term exposure can cause respiratory diseases, allergic reactions, and cancer. Dust and aerosols: Cement, metal, plastic, and coal dust damage human lung tissue and lead to the development of diseases. Biological harmful factors: Bacteria, fungi, and viruses can become airborne in production environments and cause various infectious diseases. 1. Methods for qualitative and quantitative study of the distribution of harmful substances Qualitative and quantitative study of the distribution of harmful substances is a systematic research process aimed at identifying harmful chemicals present in the production environment or in the environment, studying their quantity and distribution characteristics. These research method