SELECTION OF HIGH GRAIN YIELD ELEMENTS OF WINTER BREAD WHEAT LINES FOR RAINFED AREAS

Аннотация

Testing of new lines that are heat, drought tolerant, productive and high grain quality suitable for dryland conditions is one of the important scientific tasks of today. During the study, new winter bread wheat lines were selected and involved in selection work. Keywords: bread wheat, lines, yield, test weight, 1000 grain weight. Introduction. The fact that in the first years of independence the land was owned to provide the population with grain and grain products, farms specialize in grain, the average yield of 60-70 quintals of grain per hectare of irrigated land is evidence of radical economic reforms in our country. Our government has set an important task for agricultural workers and scientists to increase the gross harvest in exchange for increasing productivity. In recent years, due to the correct selection and cultivation of wheat varieties in accordance with the soil and climatic conditions of the regions, the introduction of https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 2 1 1 Часть-41_ Том-2_ Март-2025 an improved seed system, wheat and flour products in Uzbekistan are exported to a number of countries. The use of all available opportunities in improving grain yield and grain quality in grain, first of all, high-yielding varieties, studying their biological properties, and proper treatment with them will ensure positive results. But any good variety will never lose its hereditary properties, potential yield potential, only if it is sown from high-quality seeds of high sowing quality and if all agronomic rules are properly followed in the process of seed multiplication, free from diseases and insects. Therefore, the republic pays great attention to seed production and its quality indicators. In the current market economy, the development of optimal and efficient systems for growing superelite seeds of bread and hard winter wheat varieties recommended for sowing in irrigated lands of the Republic using existing methods of propagation of cereals, superelite seeds in international practice, selection of cereals and cereals The regional seed system of imported and newly created winter wheat varieties has been established on a scientific basis on the basis of establishing an organic link between Variety is one of the main factors in increasing crop yields in agricultural production. Planting new high-yielding varieties is an effective way to increase productivity. At the current stage of agricultural development, great attention is paid to increasing crop yields, improving product quality, creating high-yielding varieties and hybrids that meet the requirements of agriculture and their widespread introduction into production [8, 15, 24, 30, 33, 34]. The fact that all varieties (100%) or most of the many crops included in the state register were created in Uzbekistan is an example of success in the field of grain. But there are still many problems and work to be done in this regard [4, 18, 29, 31, 32, 35]. https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 2 1 2 Часть-41_ Том-2_ Март-2025 In order to stabilize the yield, it is necessary to have the maximum number of different varieties and specimens that differ from each other in drought tolerance, vegetation period and resistance to other stress conditions [2, 16, 22, 38, 39, 40]. Today, "variety" is one of the main factors in the intensification of agriculture. The increase in productivity is due to 50% due to fertilizers, 25% due to selection achievements and 20% due to improvements in agrotechnics, plant protection and tillage systems [1, 12, 27, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43]. In turn, high-yield selection leads to a decrease in resistance to adverse external factors i.e. abiotic and biotic influences, so a comprehensive approach to the creation of competitive varieties is required [3, 19, 23, 44, 45, 46]. One of the decisive factors in achieving an increase in productivity and resistance to adverse conditions in selection is the correct planning of the selection process, i.e. the choice of research direction and methods. This task can be performed only with a complete understanding of the exact state of productivity in the conditions of the area where the selection work is carried out [5, 11, 25, 47, 48, 49]. The productivity of wheat grain is studied in relation to the elements of yield. Several scientists have argued that the analysis of fertility elements allows breeders to take a conscious approach to the synthetic selection of varieties [7, 17, 28, 50, 51]. Selection is a final and relatively responsible component in obtaining valuable forms in the selection process. Therefore, it is especially important for the selection scientist to know the relationship between the characteristics of the selection work, as well as the characteristics of the plant. When sampling is carried out using correlation, it provides a basis for relatively efficient work [6, 13, 21, 52, 53]. https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 2 1 3 Часть-41_ Том-2_ Март-2025 Yield depends on the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.65),