NEUROBIOMARKERS AND INSTRUMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC BRAIN DAMAGE IN CHILDREN

Аннотация

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in children is one of the most serious problems in modern neonatology and pediatric neurology. According to the World Health Organization, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurs in 1-3 newborns per 1000 live births in developed countries and up to 26 per 1000 live births in developing regions, being the leading cause of neonatal mortality and long-term neurological disability. Hypoxic-ischemic damage occurs as a result of insufficient oxygen supply and impaired cerebral circulation, leading to a cascade of pathobiochemical processes, including energy deficiency, exitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neural inflammation, and programmed cell death. The particular vulnerability of the developing brain to hypoxic-ischemic effects is due to the immaturity of the blood-brain barrier, the high metabolic activity of nerve tissue, and active myelination processes.