LARYNGEAL PAPILLOMATOSIS: A REVIEW OF MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Аннотация

Laryngeal papillomatosis is caused by HPV infection, primarily types 6 and 11, which are also responsible for the development of genital warts. HPV can be transmitted through various routes, including vertical and perinatal contact, which explains the development of LP in children. Clinically, the disease presents with hoarseness, stridor, cough, and, in severe cases, respiratory failure. The juvenile form, detected primarily in children under 5 years of age, has a more aggressive course and requires frequent surgical interventions. The primary cause of the disease is HPV types 6 and 11. The virus infects the respiratory epithelium, causing cell proliferation and papilloma formation. Viral proteins E6 and E7 disrupt cell cycle regulation, promoting the development of benign tumors. The body's immune response plays a key role in controlling infection, and impaired immune regulation is associated with frequent relapses and disease progression. The diagnosis is established by laryngoscopy with visualization of papillomatous growths, histological examination of biopsy material, and molecular diagnostics (PCR) to determine HPV types.