THE TOTALITARIAN REGIME AND THE SITUATION IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM (1925–1941)

Аннотация

This article describes the formation of the Soviet education system between 1925 and 1941, the emergence of the totalitarian regime in the field of education, the Soviet attitude toward traditional schools in Uzbekistan, and the issue of training personnel of the Soviet type. It also examines the problems of providing the education sector with qualified personnel and their consequences, the condition of the material and technical base of general, secondary specialized, and higher education systems, as well as the creation of curricula, study plans, and textbooks for educational institutions based on the ideology of the Communist Party under strict directives. In addition, the article highlights the repressions of workers from various sectors, including those in the education system, during the repressive policy pursued by the Soviet authorities, and their tragic fates.Special attention is paid to the manifestation of the totalitarian regime in the sphere of education, the ideological orientation of the teaching process, and the formation of Soviet-style professional cadres. Based on archival and historiographical sources, the article reveals the features of the transformation of traditional schools of the old type, their integration into the Soviet system, and analyzes the causes and consequences of the personnel shortage in public education. It is shown that educational programs, curricula, and textbooks were developed under strict party control and reflected the ideological principles of the Communist Party. The impact of the Soviet repressive policy on pedagogical personnel, their mass persecution, and tragic destinies is also illuminated. Altogether, the research allowed the author to identify the patterns of the formation of a totalitarian model of education in the early Soviet period.