LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF GUILT AND ITS PROOF IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS: THEORETICAL BASICS AND PRACTICAL CHALLENGES

Аннотация

This article is devoted to a legal analysis of the concept of "guilt," one of the most complex and fundamental institutions of criminal proceedings, as well as the theoretical foundations of its proof mechanisms and the problems that arise in practice. First, the author examines the definition of guilt in Russian criminal procedure legislation, its complex legal nature (the subjective aspect of an individual and its criminal-legal assessment), and the relationship between proving guilt and the Law "On the Strength of Evidence." The main elements of guilt are analyzed. The practical part of the article addresses the main difficulties in proving guilt: Limitations and effectiveness of evidentiary means: Problems of searching, storing, and obtaining legal force from digital evidence in the information technology era. The problem of balancing the protection of the rights of the accused and assuming part of the burden of proof based on the presumption of innocence. The article concludes with the goal of developing practical recommendations and legislative proposals to improve the effectiveness of proving guilt, guaranteeing individual rights, and ensuring the objectivity of criminal cases. This research is of significant importance for the theory and practice of criminal procedural law