METABOLIC NATURE OF OBESITY AND PREDIABETES IN THE CONTEXT OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

Аннотация

The article examines the metabolic nature of peripheral neuropathy developing in the context of obesity and prediabetes, irrespective of the manifestation of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study is to present a systematic review of the pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical features, and modern diagnostic strategies based on evidence. Special attention is given to the role of insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, adipokine imbalance, and oxidative stress as key links in neurodegeneration. Distinctive characteristics of prediabetic and metabolic neuropathy are discussed, including isolated involvement of small sensory fibers and the challenges of early detection. Comparative analysis of current diagnostic scales and methods (NSS, NDS, QST, EMG) is provided, as well as substantiated approaches to prevention involving lifestyle modification, nutritional support, and pharmacological intervention. The potential reversibility of early neurophysiological impairments through comprehensive intervention is emphasized. The conclusion stresses the need for an interdisciplinary approach and recognition of metabolic neuropathy as an independent nosological entity.