COMPARATIVE-ETYMOLOGICAL STUDY OF KINSHIP TERMS

Аннотация

In the culture of each people, kinship terms are historically, genetically and culturally the oldest lexical units. The formation of kinship relations and kinship terms occurred in parallel with the formation and development of society. The study of kinship systems has long been one of the main topics of ethnology. Keywords: kinship terms, etymology, linguistic research, language history, kinship relations. Introduction. Kinship relations play a very important role in the life of a person and society. The characteristics of words denoting kinship and family relationships are the subject of interdisciplinary research. For many years, the study of this lexical group has been carried out within the framework of linguistics, ethnography, sociology and a number of other disciplines. Separate philosophical studies have been conducted to study and research this phenomenon. Main part. At a certain stage of development, the concept of kinship and the concept of family form a separate national cultural concept. The change in the concept of family and kinship is associated with the historical change in tender relations, which, in turn, is a specific manifestation of social, cultural, worldview changes. World scientists have long paid attention to words denoting family and kinship relations as a structurally separate group of language signs, and therefore 0https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 1 5 8 Часть-38_ Том-4_ Февраль-2025 kinship terms have repeatedly attracted the attention of researchers and have been considered in the context of various areas of linguistic research. The famous linguist Leonard Bloomfield drew attention to the fact that human kinship relations seem very simple, but it is difficult to analyze the terms of different languages denoting these relations. According to Lavrovsky, “One of the most interesting areas of language study is research in the field of etymology, which allows us to “determine” "Ancient people were united by various degrees of kinship relations, which in turn brings before us a more perfect level of explanation of the meanings and characteristics of the original family" (Lavrovsky, 2005). "Trace all the changes in the terms of kinship, study all the types of its transfer from one meaning to another, determine their material and spiritual compatibility, which in turn indicates a gradual change in the mental abilities of people, a clarification of their spiritual forces in general, all these changes in turn indicate a gradual change in life..." (Lavrovsky, 2005). The task of studying the history and lexicon of the language, undertaken by researchers of the 19th century, remains one of the main tasks of world linguistics today. Modern linguists have considered aspects of the use of kinship terms from the point of view of their polysemy, socio-cultural factors related to the understanding of the roles of women and men in society, and the meaning of the lexicon (Burikin, 1998). There are different approaches to terminological definition and classification of kinship relations. From a linguistic point of view, the English terminological system of kinship is much less detailed than in other languages, in particular, in Uzbek. Most works devoted to the study of kinship terms in English use a classification that includes two types of kinship: consanguinity and non- consanguinity, that is, kinship through family relationships. In turn, in consanguinity, direct - direct kinship (mother - father, daughter - son, grandfather - grandmother) and close kinship (sister - sister - brother, aunt - uncle, aunt - uncle) 0https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 1 5 9 Часть-38_ Том-4_ Февраль-2025 are distinguished; the group of non-consanguinity includes lexemes such as husband and wife (Levin 1982, Zykova, 2003). On the one hand, the answer to the question “what is kinship?” is very simple: kinship is a phenomenon associated with the family, with a husband and wife, with marriage and the birth of children. A person’s mother is the woman who gave birth to him. A person’s father is the person who caused his creation. Their children are sons and daughters in relation to them, and brothers and sisters in relation to each other. However, the “family paradox” attracts special attention: a husband and wife are not related to each other by blood, but at the same time they are one of the reasons for the creation of blood ties. Also, the division of the family form into the core and extended family forms looks more objective. Within the core family, the following eight main conditions for marriage and blood ties can be distinguished: husband, wife, father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister. However, kinship is observed in the extended family, through blood relations of the father and mother: grandfather, grandmother, aunt, uncle, nephew, cousin. In kinship relations through marriage, the following can be observed: mother-in-law, father-in-law, sister-in-law, brother-in-law, etc. (Lyutyanskaya, 2009). Another urgent i