THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN

Аннотация

This review article summarizes current data on the role of gut microbiota in the development of neurological disorders in children. It discusses the formation and age-specific dynamics of gut microbiota, its bidirectional communication with the central nervous system via the gut–brain axis, and key mechanisms including neural, immune, and metabolic pathways. Particular attention is paid to microbiota alterations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and epilepsy. The article analyzes therapeutic interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. The importance of personalized approaches and further multicenter research is emphasized.