ANALYSIS OF METHODS OF TREATMENT OF EXUDATIVE OTITIS MEDIA

Аннотация

This article analyzes the literature on the problem of treatment of exudative otitis media. Exudative otitis media is a polyetiologic inflammatory disease of the middle ear, in the etiopathogenesis of which the dysfunction of the auditory tube plays a key role. The pathomorphologic substrate of exudative otitis media is chronic catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane mainly of the meso-, hypotympanum and auditory tube, and clinical signs are the presence of exudate in the tympanic cavity, absence of signs of acute inflammation and defect of the tympanic membrane. The most common cause of exudative otitis media is respiratory viral infections, the second cause is acute otitis media. The prevalence of exudative otitis media depends on age and, according to various authors, is up to 35% in children of the 1st year of life; 3-5 years - 10-30%; 6-7 years - 3-10%; 9-10 years - 1-3%. Exudative otitis media is the most frequent cause of hearing loss in children aged 2 to 7 years - during mass examinations of children it is found in 30.2% of cases. Studies by foreign authors confirm the independent resolution of most cases of exudative otitis media, otherwise patients need treatment. Modern medicine considers many treatment options for exudative otitis media, up to the alternative of using hearing aids for patients with contraindications to other types of treatment. In a number of countries, in the diagnosis of exudative average otitis media, it often prescribes medicines or surgical treatment of patients without active observation.