INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS: KEY MECHANISMS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Аннотация

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is recognized as the most common autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland and is characterized by a loss of tolerance to thyroid antigens, driven by complex interactions between innate and adaptive immune systems. This review analyzes the main pathogenetic mechanisms, highlighting the roles of mast cells and antigen-presenting cells in initiating autoimmune inflammation, as well as the critical impact of Th1-, Th17-, and Treg-cell populations in the development and progression of AIT. The contribution of cytokine imbalance to the inflammatory response and thyrocyte death is discussed. The findings emphasize the need for further research into the immunopathogenesis of AIT to improve targeted immunotherapy strategies.