THE IMPACT OF DIABETES MELLITUS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT METHODS

Аннотация

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that significantly affects various organs and systems, particularly the cardiovascular system. This article explores the complex relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. It also discusses modern diagnostic approaches and evidence-based comprehensive treatment strategies, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and patient education. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early diagnosis and integrated care to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular system, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, heart disease, blood circulation, diabetic complications, treatment methods, lifestyle modification, pharmacological therapy.