ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CONSCIOUSNESS: PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES

Аннотация

The development of modern technologies, in particular the growing expansion of artificial intelligence (AI), requires a reconsideration of the philosophical foundations of human thinking. The ability of AI programs and systems to perform processes related to consciousness such as “understanding”, “understanding”, “decision-making” through complex algorithmic foundations, philosophically questions the possibility of being considered a truly “conscious being”. In particular, D. Chalmers’ “hard problem” – the explanation of consciousness as a subjective experience – is at the center of analysis. At the same time, reductionist approaches that try to explain consciousness only on the basis of physical-material processes are criticized, and the need to appreciate consciousness as a complex,multifaceted phenomenon is justified. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, philosophy of consciousness, human consciousness, subjective experience, hard problem, algorithmic thinking, computer model of consciousness, free will, moral responsibility, consciousness and matter. The problem of artificial intelligence (AI) and consciousness is one of the most complex and multifaceted problems of modern philosophy. Despite the fact that these two concepts are interconnected, the differences, philosophical approaches and problems between them are becoming increasingly deep. Basically, this connection is analyzed within the framework of ontological, epistemological, ethical, and information theory. The connection between artificial intelligence and consciousness intersects deep philosophical issues. Although it is possible to model human thinking through AI, aspects such as subjective consciousness, inner experience, and moral responsibility distinguish it from human consciousness. Therefore, in the conditions of modern technological development, continued philosophical research on this topic is necessary. Human consciousness is a complex set of mental and mental states that have a subjective experience. It is associated with thinking, emotions, perception, memory, intention, and conscious actions. There are different approaches to explainingconsciousness in philosophy: page618 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai -Dualisticmodel (Descartes) –consciousness isindependent ofthebody. -Materialistic model (Dennett, Churchland) – consciousness is a physical process that occurs inthe brain. -Phenomenological model (Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty) – consciousness as a subjective experience and process ofperceiving theworld. Artificial intelligence is asoftware or mechanical system that works on an algorithmic basis. It performs functions such as processing information, learning, making logical conclusions, and sometimes solving problems. However, AI does not have subjectivity, emotions, or internal states of consciousness (qualia). This distinguishes itfrom real consciousness. Simulationor actual creation ofconsciousness: Modern philosophy emphasizesthat artificial intelligence can onlyimitateconsciousness. Searle's "Chinese Room" experiment shows that AI actions are based on algorithmic responses, not cognition. Chalmers' "Hard Problem" shows that even if AI can perform external actions, it cannot reach thelevel ofinternal perception (subjective experience). Dennett, on the other hand, considers consciousness as a set of cognitive functions and theoretically makes itpossibleto createconsciousness inAI. From a philosophical point of view, consciousness is a person's ability to understand himself and the surrounding world, to feel, think, and perceive. Although the concept of consciousness appears as a whole, it is divided into different forms and stages when analyzed. Themain types of consciousness and theiressence are presented below. 1. Empirical (experiential) consciousness is the simplest form of consciousness. It arises in the process of a person's interaction with the outside world through the senses. Through empirical consciousness, a person understands the beings and phenomena in his external environment. Characteristics: It is formed on the basis of sensations (sight, hearing, smell, etc.), grows through experience, is an object-oriented, everyday form of consciousness that exists in every person. Philosophers: John Locke, David Humesaw empirical consciousness as themain source of knowledge. 2. Reflective (reflective) consciousness - a person's observation of his own thoughts and feelings, his attempts to understand. Reflective consciousness - a person's look intohis ownmind, analyzing thoughts through thought. Characteristics: It is formed through self-observation, works on the basis of introspection (internal analysis), plays an important role in philosophical thinking. allows a critical approach to his own thoughts. Philosophers: Descartes sees reflective consciousness as a "thi