EXPRESSION OF THE CONCEPT OF SOUL (Spirit) THROUGH METAPHORS IN ALISHER NAVAI'S GHAZELS

Аннотация

The article studies the concept of soul (ruh) in Alisher Navoi's ghazals and its expression through metaphors. The poet's skill in creating metaphors created through these concepts and the ideas put forward through the artistic interpretation of soul (ruh) are analyzed. Keywords:soul, spirit,bird, body, cage, dungeon, light, soil. The symbolic images that are uniquely interpreted in Alisher Navoi's lyrical heritage include soul and spirit. The poet's ghazals create a number of metaphors related to the soul (soul) and body. The lyrics of the great poet Alisher Navoi use unique metaphors in the artistic expression of thesouland spirit,and in thestudywe tried to present them inthe following classifications. 1. Thesoulis abird,thebody isacage 2. Thesoulis light, the bodyis dust. 3. Thesoulis light, the soulis shadow 4. Thesoulis aflute, the bodyis aflute. The soul is a bird, the body is a cage.Comparing the soul to a bird and the body to a cage is oneof themetaphors widely used in Eastern literature. Thesoul is likened to birds interms of being a subtle being and containing heavenly perception. Since it belongs to the higher worlds even after death and is believed to have departed, the expression “flew” is also used. A number of combinations used in classical literature, such as “bird of the soul”, “bird of the heart”, “bird of sorrow”, “bird of wisdom”, etc., also served for the artistic expression of the souland spirit. In classical poetry, the metaphor of the body as a cage has a traditional connotation. The metaphor of a "cage" is often used to express a person's emotional or spiritual "stiffness" and "confinedness" in theirinner world. It's notgood to save your soul from thewrath ofnature. It isa difficult age to beanightingale in acage.1 The poet created a wonderful image. In the couplet, the soul is depicted as a nightingale, and the body is depicted as a cage. We emphasized above that it is impossible to imagine a soul without a body or a body without a soul. So, what purpose does Alisher Navoi have in the image of the soul leaving the body? The abode of the nightingale is the garden and the meadows. It loves freedom, liberty. The soul also loves freedom. For this, it must be free from the “nature's fountain” - from sensual vices. Nature's fountain - from attachment to the world. Not rescuing the soul from such a pit is like a nightingale in a cage. The true abode of the soul is the abode of Allah - the gardens of Paradise. Only a soul that has reached perfection andis free from thecage ofthebodycan reach such aplace. In his romantic ghazals, Alisher Navoi skillfully used the symbol of the body - the cage - to expressthemental stateofthelover. 1NavoiAlisher.Bado'al-Bidoya.MAT.VolumeXX.VolumeI.–T.:Fan,1987.p.471. page532 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Whatelsewas your dream, you were longing for thebird ofhappiness, You have madeeveryinch of mybody a cage, acage forit.2 A lover who desires the love of a bird of prey shoots arrows (khadang) at the lover's body from all sides, imprisoninghim (his soul)in thecage ofhis body. Another such metaphor used in the poetry of Alisher Navoi in the interpretation of the soul and spirit is the dungeon. In Sufi literature, the soul is compared to a bird, and the body is compared to a dungeon. Through death, the soul bird escapes from the prison of the body and flies to a sacred place. However, the ascetics who have achieved the secret of "dying before dying" fly to the heaven of divinity without reaching natural death. Alisher Navoi used this symbol extensivelyin his romanticghazals. For example, Again, thisevening Iam ina bad mood, abad mood, In theprison ofthe corrupt body, thesoul is also ina stateof ruin.3 In the above verse, the lover's body is compared to a "corrupt prison." The soul imprisoned in a prison is also ruined. Therefore, by comparing the lover's body to a prison, the poet describes his impossibility in the verse, and his "corrupt heart" is "wretched." In this way, he manages to harmoniously describe the problems of love and infatuation along with the contradictions oflife. The soul is light, the body is dust.. The relationship between the soul and light is closely related to the inner enlightenment and spiritual perfection of man. “The human soul is essentially composed of light, therefore man delights in the sight of light and fears darkness. Allcausal creations in theuniverse ultimately return toNurul-anwar (Allah).4 Thespirit isthelight, thetruth gives it itsfullness, Thesoul remains in darkness, and the action isa source ofbitterness.5 The hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him) states, "Allah created mankind in darkness, then sent light upon them."6 In the above verse, the poet says that the soul is created from light, and that Allah gives it "a climax" - exaltation, ascension.T