ДАДАИЗМ И СЮРРЕАЛИЗМ: ИСКУССТВО АБСУРДА И ПОДСОЗНАНИЯ

Аннотация

Dadaism and Surrealism are two radical artistic movements that emerged in the early 20th century as a response to social and cultural upheavals. Dadaists rejected traditional artistic values, deliberately dismantling meaning and structure in their works through collage, randomness, and illogical combinations. Their art became a form of protest against bourgeois society and war, exposing the absurdity of the existing order. In contrast, Surrealists sought to delve into the depths of the human subconscious, employing techniques such as automatic writing, dream logic, and paradoxical imagery. Drawing inspiration 156 DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN SCIENCES International scientific-online conference from Freud’s psychoanalysis, they explored the hidden mechanisms of the mind. Both movements significantly influenced literature, theater, cinema, and design, and their ideas continue to evolve today. In the modern world, elements of Dadaism and Surrealism can be found in digital art, meme culture, the advertising industry, and conceptual artistic practices. This article examines the philosophical and aesthetic foundations of Dadaism and Surrealism, their evolution, cultural legacy, and relevance in the 21st century. Keywords: avant-garde art, Dadaism, Surrealism, irrationality, artistic protest, collage, subconscious, absurdity, anti-art, randomness, metaphysics of art, dream logic, psychoanalysis, cultural revolution, experimental aesthetics Annotatsiya: Dadaizm va syurrealizm — XX asrning boshida ijtimoiy va madaniy silkinishlarga javoban yuzaga kelgan ikki radikal badiiy yo‘nalishdir. Dadaistlar an’anaviy san’at qadriyatlarini inkor etib, kollaj, tasodif va mantiqsiz kombinatsiyalar orqali asarlarning ma’no va tuzilishini ongli ravishda buzganlar. Ularning san’ati burjuaziya jamiyati va urushga qarshi norozilik shakliga aylanib, mavjud tartibning absurdligini namoyon etdi. Ulardan farqli o‘laroq, syurrealistlar inson ongi tubiga kirishni maqsad qilib, avtomatik yozuv, tush mantig‘i va paradoksal tasvirlardan foydalangan. Ular Freydning psixoanalizidan ilhom olib, ongning yashirin mexanizmlarini o‘rganishdi. Har ikkala harakat adabiyot, teatr, kinematografiya va dizaynga katta ta’sir ko‘rsatdi va ularning g‘oyalari bugungi kunda ham rivojlanishda davom etmoqda. Zamonaviy dunyoda dadaizm va syurrealizm elementlari raqamli san’at, mem-madaniyat, reklama sanoati va konseptual badiiy amaliyotlarda uchraydi. Ushbu maqolada dadaizm va syurrealizmning falsafiy va estetik asoslari, ularning rivojlanishi, madaniy merosi va XXI asrda dolzarbligi yoritiladi. Kalit so‘zlar: avangard san’at, dadaizm, syurrealizm, irratsionallik, badiiy norozilik, kollaj, ongsizlik, absurdlik, anti-san’at, tasodif, san’at metafizikasi, tush mantig‘i, psixoanaliz, madaniy inqilob, eksperimental estetika.