Low Temperature Syntesis And Physico-Chemical Characterization Of Mgal2o4 Nanopowder

Аннотация

This article focuses on the preservation of landscapes and biodiversity in the low hills of Karakalpakstan, the optimization of nature management, and the inventory of certain insect groups, especially in desert regions with strong anthropogenic influences. The current status of the insect species composition in the region was analyzed, and for the first time, 137 species belonging to 19 orders, 63 families, and 112 genera were identified. Additionally, based on the abundance and density of insects in the region, it was determined that 67 species are permanent or freely living, 29 species are widespread, 4 species are in a state of decline, 23 species are rare, 12 species are very rare, and 2 species are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Keywords: Entomofauna, class, order, taxonomic structure, transformed, anthropogenic impact. Introduction: In recent years, the sharp changes in climate conditions occurring globally have naturally impacted the regional entomofauna. Particularly, the process of desertification and increased anthropogenic pressure have led to the extinction of unique and endemic species, while also contributing to the introduction of invasive species. The taxonomic structure of insect species allows the identification of similarities and differences through the use of mathematical methods to classify all the taxa within the class and order. Modern systematists divide insects (Insecta) into 46 orders based on morphological and some bioecological characteristics (Zhang, 2013). The data presented below provides a brief overview of the results of studies conducted on various distributions and the biology of species, including descriptions of general and high-level taxa, as well as their diversity in the research field. Research conducted from 2020 to 2024 shows that in the natural and anthropogenic areas of the low hills of Karakalpakstan (Qaratov, Sulton Vays, Qoʻshqanatawʻ), 137 species, 19 orders, 63 families, and 112 genera of insects were identified. The large number of species and the biological diversity of insects play an important role in nature and human life (Table 1). 119 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Table 1 Taxonomic Structure of the Entomofauna of the Low Hills of Karakalpakstan Numbe Number № Family r of % of % Genera Species 1. Zygentoma Lepismatidae 1 1 0.72 2. Ephemeroptera Baetidae 1 4 2.9 Heptageniidae 1 1 0.72 Caenidae 1 2 1.45 Ephemerellidae 1 1 0.72 3. Trichoptera Leptoceridae 1 1 0.72 4. Odonato Aeshnidae 1 2 1.45 Gomphidae 2 2 1.45 Libellulidae 2 2 1.45 5. Blattoptera Polyphagidae 1 1 0.72 Hodotermitidae 1 1.3 1 0.72 6 Mantoptera Mantidae 3 2.6 3 1.6 7. Dermoptera Embiidae 1 1 0.72 8. Phasmoptera Bacillidae 1 1 0.72 9. Orthoptera Tettigoniidае 1 1 0.72 Gryllidae 3 3 1.3 Gryllotalpidae 1 1 0.72 Pyrgomorphidae 1 1 0.72 Pamphagidae 1 1 0.72 Dericorythidae 1 2 1.45 Acrididaе 11 14 10.3 10. Phthiraptera Trichodectidae 1 1 0.72 11. Homoptera Cixiidae 1 1 0.72 Tettigometridae 1 1 0.72 120 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Aphididae 2 2 1.45 12. Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae 1 1 0.72 13. Heteroptera Nabidae 1 2 1.45 Anthocoridae 1 1 0.72 Miridae 2 2 1.45 Reduviidae 1 2 1.45 Lygaeidae 1 1 0.72 Saldidae 1 1 0.72 Rhopalidae 1 1 0.72 Pentatomidae 1 1 0.72 Veliidae 1 1 0.72 14. Neuroptera Myrmeleontidae 1 1 0.72 15. Coleoptera Carabidae 9 13 9.48 Buprestidae 2 2 1.45 Tenebrionidae 8 10 7.29 Scarabaeidae 5 9 6.56 Meloidae 1 2 1.45 Chrysomelidae 4 4 2.9 Curculionidae 5 5 3.64 16. Lepideptera Cossidae 3 3 2.18 Erebidae 1 3 2.18 Noctuidae 1 1 0.72 Cupidinidae 1 1 0.72 Nymphalidae 1 1 0.72 17. Hymenoptera Vespidae 2 3 2.18 Sphecidae 2 2 1.45 Formicidae 3 5 3.64 18. Siphonaptera Pulicidae 1 1 0.72 19. Diptera Asilidae 1 1 0.72 Syrpildae 1 1 0.72 Chironomidae 1 1 0.72 Hippoboscidae 1 1 0.72 Ceratopogonidae 1 1 0.72 Mysidae 1 1 0.72 121 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Total 63 117 100 137 100 In the low hills of Karakalpakstan, a total of 137 species and subspecies of insects have been identified. The results of the taxonomic structure study of the identified species’ fauna indicate that the insect fauna of this region belongs to 18 orders and 63 families, as recorded in the research findings. The number of families and percentage indicators are presented in Figure 1. From the provided data, it is clear that mayflies (Ephemeroptera) include four families, four genera, and nine species, dragonflies (Odonato) consist of three families, five genera, and six species, and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) include seven families, 19 genera, and 23 species. The number of genera and percentage indicators are shown in Figure 2. Figure 1. The number of families and percentage indicators Diptera 9,5 % Hymenoptera 4,76 % Coleoptera 11,1 % Heteroptera 14,2 % Homoptera 4,76 % % da Oila soni Orthoptera 11,1 % Dermoptera 1,58 % Blattoptera 3,1 % Trichopte