JADID SHE'RIYATIDA POETIK OBRAZLARNING IJTIMOIYLASHUVI CHO'LPON ,FITRAT SHE'RIYATI MISOLIDA

Аннотация

Mazkur ishda XX asr boshlaridagi o‘zbek adabiyotida yangi bosqichni boshlab bergan jadid adabiyotining yirik vakillari Cho‘lpon va Fitrat she’riyatida poetik obrazlarning ijtimoiy mazmun bilan boyishi, jamiyat muammolari bilan chambarchas bog‘lanishi tahlil etilgan. Jadidlar poetikasida an’anaviy timsollar yangi ijtimoiy-estetik ma’no kasb etgani, shoirlar obrazlar orqali xalqning ozodlikka, ma’rifatga, adolatga intilishlarini ifoda etgani ko‘rsatib berilgan. Ishda Cho‘lponning "Uyg‘on", "Ko‘r ung‘on" kabi she’rlari hamda Fitratning "Tanqidiy nazar", "Ilm yo‘li" singari asarlari tahlili asosida poetik obrazlarning zamonaviy tafakkur bilan uyg‘unlashuvi yoritilgan. Shuningdek, poetik timsollar – Vatan, xalq, zulmat, nur, ko‘z, yurak kabi obrazlar orqali ijtimoiy fikrning shakllanishi va kengayish jarayoni o‘rganilgan. Ish adabiy tahlil va ijtimoiy kontekst asosida olib borilib, o‘zbek she’riyatining ijtimoiy-falsafiy yuksalishida Cho‘lpon va Fitrat ijodining o‘rni yoritiladi. Kalit so’zlar: Jadid, Cho’lpon, Fitrat, poetic, ijtimoiy-falsafiy, obraz, she’riyat, janr, ma’rifat, ifoda, obrazlilik, ramz, o‘ziga xoslik, She’riy asar, adabiy janr, tuyg‘u va kechinma, lirik qahramon. Annotation. This paper explores the socialization of poetic imagery in early 20th- century Uzbek Jadid literature, focusing on the poetry of Cho‘lpon and Fitrat. It analyzes how traditional poetic symbols were imbued with new socio-aesthetic meanings and how both poets used imagery to express the people’s aspirations for freedom, enlightenment, and justice. Through close readings of Cho‘lpon’s poems such as "Uyg‘on" (“Awaken”) and "Ko‘r ung‘on" (“The Blind Awakened”), as well as Fitrat’s works like "Tanqidiy nazar" (“A Critical View”) and "Ilm yo‘li" (“The Path of Knowledge”), the paper highlights the transformation of poetic forms in connection with contemporary social consciousness. Key symbols such as homeland, people, darkness, light, eyes, and heart are examined as carriers of social meaning. This research demonstrates how Jadid poetry became a vehicle for socio-political reflection, emphasizing the significant role of Cho‘lpon and Fitrat in elevating the philosophical and civic depth of Uzbek poetry. Keywords: Jadid, Cholpon, Fitrat, poetic, socio-philosophical, image, poetry, genre, enlightenment, expression, imagery, symbol, originality, poetic work, literary genre, feeling and experience, lyrical hero. https://scientific-jl.com/ped 2 28 Volume-82, Issue-1, May -2025 “PEDAGOGS” international research journal ISSN: 2181-3027_SJIF: 5.449 Istiqlol yillarida xalqimizning ma’naviy yuksalish yo‘lidagi imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish, XX asr boshlarida yashab o‘tgan ma’rifatparvar ijodkorlar adabiy merosini holisona o‘rganishga e’tibor kuchaytirildi. Prezidentimiz Sh. M. Mirziyoevning: “Ulug‘ ajdodlarimizning aql-zakovati va badiiy dahosi bilan yaratilgan noyob asarlar, xususan, matematika, mineralogiya, astronomiya, kimyo, tibbiyot, farmatsevtika, me’morlik, tarix, adabiyot, san’at, ilohiyot, falsafa va boshqa sohalarga oid manbalar nafaqat bizning xalqimiz, balki, jahon ahlining bebaho boyligi hisoblanadi”1. Abdulhamid Cho‘lpon, Abdurauf Fitrat, Abdulla Avloniy, Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy singari shoirlar ijodida peyzaj bilan bog‘liq poetik obrazlar o‘ziga xos tarzda qo‘llanilgan. Ular she’rlarida bu poetik obrazlarning yangilanishi ko‘zga tashlanadi. Adabiyotshunos N.Afoqova aytganidek: “Jadid adabiyoti - an’ana va yangilik kesishgan chorrahada maydonga kelgan adabiyotdir... Ammo eskilik va yangilik aynan jadid adiblari ijodida – she’riyatda ro‘baro‘ keldi” [Afoqova N. 2006, 9]. Buni biz poetik obrazlar misolida yanada aniqroq tasavvur qilishimiz mumkin. Ta’kidlash joizki, mazkur davrda Turkiston milliy-taraqqiyparvarlik harakati – jadidchilikning muhim markaziga aylangan edi. Jadidlar turli mamlakatlardagi taraqqiyot va islohotlar uchun olib borilgan harakatlarning tajribasini milliy asosda qayta ishlashga intildi. Mustamlakachilikka qarshi kurashning bosh g‘oyasi juda murakkab sharoitda shakllanib yetildi. Davrning ilg‘or namoyandalari bo‘lgan jadidlar ana shunday murakkab va qiyin sharoitlarda ham ezgu maqsadlaridan bir qadam ortga chekinmay ma’rifat tarqatish, ta’lim-tarbiya sohasini isloh etishga jiddu jahd qildilar. Chunki ular faqat ta’lim-tarbiya, ilm-ma’rifat bilangina ozodlikka, taraqqiyotga erishish mumkinligini yaxshi anglaganlar. Hurlikka erishmagan xalq esa taraqqiyotdan ham begona bo‘ladi. “Kamolotning yagona omili o‘z aqliga, o‘z mulkiga, o‘z mehnatiga egalikdir”, degan edi yirik jadidshunos olim Begali Qosimov “Mustaqillik o‘zlikni tanimoqdir” nomli maqolasida. Akademik Naim Karimov jadidlarining bu olijanob tashabbus va harakatlari haqida shunday degan edi: “Bu voqea, garchi o‘sha davrda kutilgan natijani bermagan bo‘lsa-da, yetmish nafar o‘zbekistonlik talabaning Germaniyadagi o‘rta va oliy o‘quv yurtlarida ta’lim olishi o‘z davrida qanday katta aks sado bergan bo‘lsa, hozir ham o‘zbek jamiyatini shunchalik haya-jonlant