Similarities between Chinese and Karakalpak grammar

Аннотация

There has limited research on the similar aspects of the Chinese and Karakalpak languages so far. This paper aims to identify common linguistic parts such as the affixes and word order, using the comparative method. Being aware of these similarities can make the language acquisition simpler for learners. Keywords: Chinese, Karakalpak, learners, grammar, similarities, possessive suffix, possessive case, relative clause, comparative degree. In recent years, learning the Chinese language has gained popularity among language learners. Being proficient enables them not only to talk to the native speakers, but also to study or work in this developed country. However, this language acquisition requires much more effort as there are more differences such as the characters instead of letters, various tones on every syllable. Despite these differences, learners can encounter some similarities between the Karakalpak and Chinese languages which can help in the learning process. Possessive construction. Unlike English and Russian, both Chinese and Karakalpak grammar allows people to use only one suffix in order to show the possessive meaning regardless of genders and number. In Chinese the suffix "的" (de) is placed after the attribute: e.g. 我 的 书 Wǒ de shū (my book) Similarly, Karakalpak speakers also use the possessive case suffixes (iyelik sepligi nıń, niń , dıń, diń, tıń, tiń) based on its phonetic rules. e.g. Meniń kitabım Sometimes it is possible to omit “的” in Chinese when it indicates family members or close relationships: 我 (的) 妈妈 Wǒ (de) māmā The similar scene can be observed when the attribute is clear from the context: 69 STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE ISLESIW 1-XALÍQARALÍQ STUDENTLER KONFERENCIYASÍ. NÓKIS, 2025-JÍL 20-21-MAY Úy(diń) aldı ( We have already known which house is described in this sentence) Nonetheless, it is essential to mention that the suffixes of the noun cannot be found in Chinese grammar. e.g. 我 的 书 Wǒ-de-shū (men-(n)iń-kitap) Meniń kitabım Relative Clauses.Another similarity is the second meaning of “的” and the relative clause (kelbetlik feyil). “的” is used between the attribute and the qualified noun which is the same as the relative clause in Karakalpak grammar. Nevertheless, it has a different term “Kelbetlik feyil”. It can function with the help of suffixes “ǵan, gen, qan, ken” that attach to the verbs. In both languages, this structure could be used as a predicate or attribute. e.g 我买的书 Wǒ mǎi de shū Men satıp alǵan kitap (as an attribute) Comparative Degree. Specific markers are served to indicate comparative degree in both languages. In Chinese 一点儿 (yīdiănr) might be used after the adjectives to exhibit this degree while Karakalpaks could use the affixes like law, lew, ıraq, irek, ǵılt, gilt in the same place. 瘦一点儿(shòu yīdiănr) a little narrower tar-law a little narrower To conclude, although every language is unique, the Chinese and Karakalpak languages can share similarities. When the Karakalpak learners acquire Chinese language or vice versa, this method can make this process more straightforward and efficient.