LEGAL BASIS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT

Аннотация

Agriculture is one of the main sectors of the economy of every country, and its sustainable development directly affects food security, population well-being and economic growth. A solid legal framework is necessary for the effective organization of agricultural activities. This article discusses the legal framework for agricultural development, existing problems and ways toimprove them. Keywords : Agriculture, agrarian law, legal support, use of natural resources, agrarian reforms, environmental protection, land resources management, water resources management. The international legal framework for sustainable agricultural development has been established through various international organizations, conventions, and agreements. These legal instruments are primarily aimed at protecting the environment, ensuring food security, and promoting therational use ofland and water resources. There are a number of international legal instruments aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture. In particular, the UN Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030) aim to ensure environmental sustainability, economic development and social justice on a global scale. Thesegoals includeitemsdirectly related toagriculture; Goal 2: Zero Hunger -Ensure food security through increased agricultural sustainability. Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation – rational use of water resources and reduction of agricultural waste. Goal 13: Combat climate change – adapt to climate change and reduce carbon emissions in agriculture. These goals provide an international legal framework for adhering to the principles of sustainabilityinagricultural activities. The principles of "Sustainable Development" were adopted at the 1992 UN Conference onEnvironment andDevelopment in Riode Janeiro, which includethefollowing: - maintaining ecological balance in theuse ofland resources, - combating deforestationand soilerosion, - development oforganic and environmentally friendly agriculture, - reduce thenegative effects of climatechange. As a result of the conference, the Agenda 21 program was developed, which outlined strategies forensuring environmental and economic sustainability inagriculture. page336 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Due to the significant impact of agricultural activities on global warming and climate change, the Paris Agreement notes the importance of organizing this sector in an environmentally efficient manner. The main areas ofthe agreement are; - reducing greenhousegas emissions, - improving energy efficiency inagriculture, - Prevent deforestation and combat soil degradation. The Paris Agreement is important for increasing agricultural sustainability globally serves as a legal basis. Main directions ofsustainabledevelopmentand legal regulation; Environmental sustainability There are laws topreserve and improve soilfertility andcombat erosion. Therational useofpesticides andfertilizers is regulated. Regulations havebeen developed for theprocessing ofagricultural waste. Use ofwater resources According to the "Water Code", there is an obligation to use water resources efficiently and introduce water-saving technologies. There are legal programs tomodernizeirrigation systems. Support forfarmers and peasant farms Provision has been made for preferential loans, subsidies, and technical assistance to farmers. There are legal frameworks toencourage organic farming. Agricultural landuse and protection A monitoring system foreffective land usehas been introduced. Measures have been established to combat illegal land acquisitionand degradation. International obligations and legal requirements Uzbekistan adheres to international environmental agreements andfood security agreements. An agricultural policy is pursued in line with the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In recent years, specific work has been carried out to reform the country's agriculture, in particular, to improve the state administration system in the sector, widely introduce market relations, strengthen the legal basis of relations between entities that produce, process and sell agricultural products, attract investments to the sector, introduce resource-saving technologies, and provideagricultural producers withmodern equipment. At the same time, the lack of a long-term strategy for agricultural development hinders the effective use of land and water resources, broad involvement in the sector, high incomes for producers, and increased product competitiveness. In order to diversify production, improve land and water relations, create a favorable agribusiness environment and a high-added value chain, support the development of cooperative relations, widely introduce market mechanisms and information and communication technologies into the sector, as well as effectivel