THE RELEVANCE OF DEFECTOLOGY IN MODERN EDUCATION AND THE NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT

Аннотация

This article covers the essence of the discipline of defectology, current issues in working with children with special educational needs, the role of this field in the modern education system, and areas for improvement. The main areas of defectology - surdopedagogy, typhlopedagogy, logopedagogy, and oligophrenopedagogy - are in the center of special attention. The author analyzes existing problems and gives specific proposals and recommendations fortheirelimination. Keywords:Defectology, special needs, inclusive education, surdopedagogy, typhlopedagogy, special education, pedagogical innovation. Nowadays, researchers in all fields are discovering various innovations. We should not deny that the real hard work of a person and love for his profession are paramount. The modern education system requires an approach that is appropriate to the individual characteristics of a person, and it is the science of Defectology that needs to develop in accordance with the ever-expanding needs and expected results. It is no exaggeration to say that ensuring high-quality education for children with special educational needs and supportingtheir fullparticipation in society is oneofthemost urgent tasks of today. Defectology-(from the Latin defectus - defect, from the Greek logos - teaching). Defectology is the science of the laws of development of children with physical and mental disabilities, the laws of their education and upbringing. The tasks of defectology include the development of methods for teaching abnormal children, the identification of ways and means of compensating for their developmental deficiencies, the development of general foundations of education and upbringing, and the involvement of abnormal children in socially useful work. In the process of developing defectology, the following independent areas have emerged: surdopedagogy, typhlopedagogy, oligophrenopedagogy, and logopedics. These areas study the laws of education and upbringing of abnormal children of various categories (hard ofhearing, mentally retarded, and withspeech defects).1 Correctional work is of great importance in the process of working with children with special needs. The morequalitatively this work is carried out, the easier it is forthe child toacquire knowledge, skills,and competencies.2 Anomaly, when translated from Greek, means a deviation from the norm, general laws, improperdevelopment. Severe, sharp changes observed in the physical or mental development of children in need of special education have a negative impact on the formation of the child's personality. 1Л.Мўминова,M.Қахрамонова.Логопедиятерминларинингрусча-ўзбекчаизохлилугати. Тошкентўқитувчи-1988.19-bet 2V.S.RAXMANOVA.DEFEKTOLOGIYAASOSLARI,Toshkent2017.8-bet. page316 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Therefore, special conditions should be created for the upbringing and education of such children, that is, they should be educated and brought up in special preschool educational organizations and schools or, if necessary, among their normally developing peers, on the basis of special programs and textbooks.3But we are witnessing the fact that many textbooks, manuals and materials do not correspond to modern requirements and scientific innovations. As a result, our teachers cannot effectively use modern requirements and scientific innovations in practice. Therefore, to solve this problem, updating the methodological base andintroducing innovativetechnologies isrequired of all specialists. It should be noted that the presence of research skills in future specialists is one of the most important requirements for highly qualified personnel. Because if there are no research personnel working in a certain field, there can be no talk of innovations, developments, and efficiency indicators in this field.4 Therefore, the lack of qualified, creative, self-motivated defectologists working in the field of special education is one of the main problems. We are especially in need of specialists in such fields as deaf-mutes, typhloids, oligophrenics, and speech therapists. Most defectologists in educational institutions do not have the skills to use modern approaches. The reason is that, as mentioned above, the manuals, teaching techniques, and technologies they read do not meet the requirementsof modern teaching. Also, some negative views (stereotypes) regarding children with special educational needs still persist in our society. This slows down the process of their social adaptation and can lead to negative attitudes among parents and teachers. In order to prevent this, a number of measures and documents have been developed in our country to introduce an inclusive education system. Important tasks have been identified, such as “Strengthening the material and technical base of educational institutions in order to organize