THE RELEVANCE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CITIES.STUDY OF STREET LITTER AND THE ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF URBAN RESIDENTS

Аннотация

Данная статья посвящена изучению таких вопросов, как актуальность проблемы отходов в современных городах, увеличение количества уличного мусора и роль экологической культуры горожан в этом отношении. В статье анализируются виды и количество отходов, образующихся в городах, и их негативное воздействие на окружающую среду. В статье представлены практические рекомендации по решению проблемы отходов в городах, сокращению количества уличного мусора и повышению экологической культурынаселения. Ключевые слова:Город, отходы, уличный мусор, твердые вещества, экологическая культура,население,переработка,окружающая среда,черные и цветныеметаллы. Large-scale industrial enterprises produce millions of tons of waste. Therefore, it is necessary to properly organize the processing and use of these wastes. With the rational use of accumulated industrial waste, large quantities of mineral fertilizers, building materials, technological and household fuels are produced. Because they occupy a very large amount of land. A large amount of waste is used to improve soil composition. Rocks and lime are added to the soils, and if the acid content is excessive, neutralizing agents are used. Waste from central heating plants contains 53% SiO2, 24 % Al2O3, 10% Fe2O and FeO, 2% CaO, 1% MgO, 4% alkali metal oxides, and only 6% absolutely non-combustible substances. It is necessary to consider the technical, economic, and organizational aspects of using a portion of ash directly, as well as the production of clay, aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete, andsemicitebricks. In all industrially developed countries, a huge amount of solid waste accumulates. Solid waste not only pollutes the environment but also occupies a huge area of land. From this land, as a cropland, it is possible to grow cultivated plants and produce products beneficial to humans. Solids not only pollute the atmosphere, but also contain secondary useful substances, which can onlybe extracted byprocessing. If solids remain for a long time, water from precipitation flows and pollutes the surrounding area. Combustion of these wastes page261 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai is absolutely unacceptable; highly toxic gases and solid metals are released into the atmosphere withthe smoke. As a result of rain and snow falling on it, toxic substances gradually penetrate the soil and poison groundwater. In places where solid waste has accumulated and remained for a long time, it is also forbidden to plant plants there for a long time after cleaning. Since the plant is cultivated, it is not permissible to consume these products. Because these plants carry many toxic substances from the soil through nutrients. These soils contain a large amount of iron, chromium, and other substances, depending on the type of solid waste. According to the treatment standard 12.1.007-76, industrial waste is divided into four groups based on the content oftoxicsubstances andenvironmental pollution: 1.extremely dangerous; 2.very dangerous; 3.moderaterisk; 4.slightly dangerous. Group 4 includes industrial waste that does not contain toxic substances. This group ofwaste contains phosphates, manganese, and mercury salts ofzinc. Group 3 includes industrial waste containing copper sulfate, copper oxalic acid salts, nickel chloride, lead oxide, and others, which posea threat to humanlife. Group 2 is considered highly hazardous due to the presence of mercury, arsenic, chromium, lead, nitrogenous nitrogen, and other toxic salts in the composition of industrial waste, which poseathreat to human life. Industrial waste, depending on the type of waste, is divided into production waste and recyclable waste in Russia. It is known that not all waste can be buried or burned; some of it can be recycled to extract the necessary substances from its composition. When solid waste is recycled and utilized according to its type, the possibility of their use increases. For example, they can bedivided into: Wasteof ferrous and non-ferrous metals. 2.Mineral waste -waste containing ash, slag, and coal. 3.Wasteof plastics and polymers. 4.Wasteof cotton-paper, wool, silk and synthetic fibers. page262 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai 5.Rubber-containing waste. 6.Nitrogen-containing waste. 7.Wasteof glass and building materials. As can be seen from the above, some of them are buried and completely destroyed, but the remaining part is processed to obtain a second product. Consequently, since this type ofwaste is also present in theindustry of our Republic, it is necessary to manage to neutralize it to the best environmentally friendly state and create a waste-free product technology at the industrial enter