COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MORPHOLOGICAL INDICES OF THE STOMACH IN EXPERIMENTAL LIVER DAMAGE

Аннотация

Numerous fundamental studies devoted to the problem of the complex influence of exogenous and endogenous effects on the human body have proven their depressive effect on the body's regulatory systems. At the same time, the study of morphological indices of gastric tissue, sensitive to homeostasis disturbances in experimental conditions with liver damage, remains relevant for researchers. Key words: liver damage, hepatotoxicity, stomach, morphology Relevance. Drug-induced liver injury is a heterogeneous group of clinical and morphological variants of liver damage caused by the use of drugs. The terms "drug-induced hepatotoxicity" and "hepatotoxic reactions" are synonyms for DLI. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) accounts for about 10% of adverse drug reactions, causing 2-5% of all cases of jaundice and up to 25% of cases of fulminant liver necrosis. The incidence of DLI depends on gender, age, genetic predisposition, activity of metabolic processes in the body, the use of other drugs or alcohol, and concomitant liver diseases. In the presence of a high connection of the drug with plasma proteins, a deficiency of proteins in food and hypoalbuminemia contribute to an increase in the toxic effect [Yu.R. Zyuzya, 2025]. Drug-induced liver damage can vary in severity, manifesting as acute hepatitis (up to acute massive liver necrosis) and hepatosis, and the same substance can cause both hepatitis and hepatosis in different patients. The outcomes of these conditions are chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatobiliary malignancies. Drug-induced hepatitis carries the risk of fulminant liver failure, and with the development of hepatic coma, mortality reaches 70% or more [Ivanova, 2025]. Almost half of the world's population suffers from gastrointestinal diseases. Statistics show that the prevalence of gastritis among gastrointestinal diseases is more than 80%. Today, this serious disease is often observed not only in adults, but also in school-age children and students. The most common cause of gastritis is poor nutrition: hasty and unsystematic eating, unchewed or dry food; too hot or too cold food; consumption of spicy food (mainly spicy and very salty). Most often, diseases develop in people who are in a state of nervous and mental stress, neglect healthy eating, abuse alcohol and smoking [Abatov A.E., https://scientific-jl.com 3 8 5 63-son_1-to’plam_Iyun-2025 ISSN:3030- 3 6 1 3 T A D Q I Q O T L A R jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali 2020]. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is the most common nosology in the group of functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract [Knill-Jones R.P., 2021]. According to population studies, from 10 to 30% of the general population complain of dyspeptic disorders [McQuaid K. et al., 2018; Talley N.J. et al., 2020; Tack J. et al., 2016; Piessevaux H. et al., 2019; Houghton L.A. et al., 2016], but only about a quarter of them seek medical help. Thus, among all cases of visits to general practitioners, the proportion of patients with dyspeptic syndrome is 2-5% of patients [Holtmann G., Talley N.J., 2020; Peura D., 2015]. Dyspeptic symptoms account for 20-40% of gastroenterological complaints [Bova A.A., Kriushev P.V., 2019], according to the literature, organic causes are identified in 40% of patients, while in the rest dyspepsia is functional [Hotz J. Reizmagen, 2022; Shaib Y., El-Serag, 2014; Mahadeva S., 2016; Palsson O.S., 2014]. Approximately 50% of patients with FD experience a decrease in working capacity and daily activities [Van Oudenhove L. et al., 2018]. Consequently, FD significantly affects the physical, social, emotional and psychological functioning of the patient, which leads to a decrease in the quality of life [Wiklund I. et al., 2018; Staque M.J., 2017; Allescher H.D., 2020; Mones J. et al., 2022]. Numerous fundamental studies devoted to the problem of the complex influence of exogenous and endogenous influences on the human body have proven their depressive effect on the regulatory systems of the body. At the same time, the study of morphological parameters of gastric tissue, sensitive to homeostasis disturbances in case of liver damage under experimental conditions, remains relevant for researchers.