SUMMARY ACCORDING SECURITY THREATS TO THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Аннотация

The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) was introduced by Kevin Ashton at MIT in 1998. The vision of the concept is that objects, "things", are connected to each other and therefore create an IoT in which each object has its own individual identity and can interact with other objects. Internet of Things objects can vary greatly in size from small to the largest. The Internet of Things turns ordinary products such as cars, buildings and machines into smart devices, connected objects that can communicate with people, applications and each other. In the paper, we examine the prevalence of the Internet of Things in today's world and its impact on various industries. The paper discusses the security threat of the Internet of Things and as a result, security recommendations will be made. Keywords: Internet of Things, NB-IoT, cybersecurity, security threats, computer security. Devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) have become an integral part of everyday life. The Internet of Things is growing rapidly as more and more devices connect to the global network. The data and applications of many IoT devices are sensitive and should only be accessible to authorized individuals. These applications are computer programs that use real-time or near real-time conditions. This ensures stable operation. The applications use consumer data to analyze and predict the future using artificial intelligence algorithms [1]. In 2014, the Joint Technical Committee of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) defined IoT as an infrastructure of objects, people, systems and information resources, connected between each other by intelligent services that enable them to process and respond to information from the physical and virtual world. At the IoT receiving layer, sensors placed inside devices, objects, and equipment collect, measure, and record information about the physical environment, such as temperature, humidity, gas pressure, and motion. This information can be read, integrated and analyzed at the upper levels of IoT [2]. https://scientific-jl.com 1 2 2 62-son_3-to’plam_May-2025 ISSN:3030- 3 6 1 3 T A D Q I Q O T L A R jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali NIST uses two acronyms: IoT and NoT (aka Network of Things). IoT is considered a subset of NoT because IoT has its "things" connected to the Internet [3]. In contrast, some types of NoT use only local area networks (LANs), and none of your "things" need to be directly connected to the Internet. The growth of the Internet of Things is driven by business needs as part of digital business transformation. The total number of connections to the Internet of Things will grow from six billion in 2015 to 27 billion by 2025. This translates to a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16%. In terms of market growth, the Berg Insight report forecasts the global market for third-party Internet of Things platforms to grow from 610 million euros in 2015 to 3.05 billion euros in 2021 [4]. Figure 1. - Relation of the Internet of Things to industries IoT solutions not only include several technology domains such as mobile, cloud, data, security, telecommunications and networks, but also lead to cross- industry use of data, e.g., data created in smart home and industrial applications are used in the automotive industry as shown in Figure 1 [5]. This opens up the possibility of trade associations between horizontal industries, such as telecom operators, and vertical industries, such as car manufacturers, as new business models. The security of the Internet of Things must include more than just the IoT device itself. Internet of Things devices have minimal security and many defects. Many believe that IoT vendors do not prioritize security and privacy. But despite the security concerns, the proliferation of the Internet of Things is not stopping. Therefore, it is absolutely essential that security professionals and users learn how to provide greater security. https://scientific-jl.com 1 2 3 62-son_3-to’plam_May-2025 ISSN:3030- 3 6 1 3 T A D Q I Q O T L A R jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali IoT Security Threats A. Threats and security challenges of the Internet of Things The three categories of threats to the Internet of Things include: 1. Typical risks in any online system. 2. Specific risks of IoT devices. 3. Safety to prevent damage, e.g. due to misuse of actuators [7]. Traditional security methods, such as blocking open ports on devices, fall into the first category (e.g., a refrigerator connected to the Internet to send product and temperature information may use an insecure SMTP server and could be compromised by a botnet). The second category includes issues specifically related to IoT hardware, for example, a connected device can compromise your secure information. Some Internet of Things devices are too small to support proper asymmetric encryption. In addition, any device that can connect to the Internet has an integra