PHYSIOLOGY IS THE SCIENCE OF LIFE PROCESSES

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the issue of the basic role of physiology in medical practice. The characteristics of physiology are presented, the directions of its development are outlined. A brief history of the development of physiological science is given with an emphasis on the Russiantradition. The thoughts of great physiologists onthebasic roleofphysiology in medicine are presented. The physiological mechanisms of the relationship between a doctor and a patient are described. All of the following allows us to conclude that physiology provides not only theoretical knowledge for clinical medicine, but also a philosophical basis for medical practice in general. Key words: Physiology, reflex theory, theory of functional systems, systemic quantization of behavior Physiology isa medical and biological science that isof great importance for themedical activity of a physician. The great physiologists of the 19th–20th centuries J. Prochazka, K. Bernard, I.M. Sechenov, I.P. Pavlov, P.K. Anokhin, K.V. Sudakov considered physiology to be one of the fundamental sciences that develops clinical knowledge. However, in the last decade, medicine has been enriched with new molecular, immune and genetic discoveries. In this regard, the question arises about the importance of physiology in the modern complex of medical knowledge. What is the role of physiology in the formation of a physician’s clinical thinking? Does physiology provide information only about the functional processes of the body, or is it of greater importance in forming a physician’s research type of thinking? In connection with the anniversary date of the birth of the founder of Russian physiology, I.M. Sechenov, the analysis of the role of physiology in medicine is important for the training of new medical personnel. Physiology is the science of the life processes of the body. Physiology studies the functional processes in the body, the regulation and self-regulation of these processes, the interaction of the body with the external environment and the exchange of information between individuals. From the standpoint of the theory of functional systems, the subject of physiology is the interaction of various functions of the body, providing systemic patterns aimed at maintaining the life of the bodyas asingle whole. A distinction is made between plant, animal and human physiology. Human physiology includes normal physiology, which studies the functions of tissues, organs and systems in a healthy organism, pathological physiology, which studies pathological processes in the organism, and http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 552 Volume15Issue04, April2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 clinical physiology, which studies changes in functional processes in the organism during various diseases. Normal physiology is divided into molecular-cellular, organ, reflex and systemic physiology. The first of these is the most modern part of physiology, focusing on cellular and molecular processes in the organism, on the organization of processes in cellular membranes, on the role of organelles and cytoplasmic matrix, on molecular and biochemical processes in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells. Organ physiology is the most traditional part of physiology, studying the functions ofindividual organs and tissuesof theorganism. Reflex physiology studies the neurohumoral regulation of body functions. Systemic physiology focuses on the study of the mechanisms of self-regulation of body functions using functional systems, on the study of the mechanisms of maintaining homeostasis necessary for life processes, on the systemic mechanisms of organizing goal-directed behavior and mental functions of a person. Physiologists do not observe the boundaries between different areas of physiology, and the physiology of each major scientist is a conglomerate of scientific knowledge. Textbooks on cellular and molecular physiology include elements of reflex physiology and ideas about homeostasis, which is one of the main concepts of systemic physiology. Textbooks on the theory of functional systems of the body include a description of reflexes and explanations of the main cellularand molecularmechanisms ofregulation of physiological functions. Physiology has no clear boundaries separating it from other medical sciences. It extends its interests both in breadth, studying the pathological processes of the body and the mechanisms of disease occurrence, and in depth, being interested in both the physicochemical mechanisms of the functional processes of the body and the mental functions of man. Therefore, it is necessary to determine that conditional boundary, that limit of knowledge in physiology, which is necessary for the training of future doctors. Therefore, the content and volume of physiological knowledge may differ in different universities, despite the unified "Federal State Standard" for thetraining ofmedical speciali