BRONCHOOBSTRUCTIVE SYNDROME IN CHILDREN

Аннотация

Bronchoobstructive syndrome (BOS) in children is a clinical manifestation characterized by partial or complete obstruction of the lower airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. It is commonly observed in various respiratory conditions including asthma, acute bronchitis, and bronchiolitis, particularly in early childhood. The syndrome is frequently triggered by viral infections, allergens, environmental pollutants, or structural abnormalities of the airways. Early diagnosis and effective management are crucial to prevent complications and improve quality of life. This paper reviews the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and current strategies in the treatment and prevention of BOS inpediatric patients. Emphasis is placed on the importance of individualized care, environmental control, and parental education in themanagement ofthis increasingly prevalent condition. Keywords: Bronchoobstructive syndrome, pediatric respiratory disorders, airway obstruction, wheezing in children, pediatric asthma, bronchiolitis, obstructive bronchitis, respiratory infections, childhood dyspnea, pediatricpulmonary care Bronchial obstruction, which develops against the background of infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract in children, is observed, according to various authors, in 5-40%. In children with a family history of allergies, bronchoobstructive syndrome (Bos) usually develops in 30-40% of cases, the same trend is observed in children suffering from respiratory infections more than 6 times a year. Bronchoobstructive syndrome (Bos) is an urgent problem in pediatrics and occupies the first place in the structure of respiratory diseases in children. In recent years, doctors have increasingly encountered conditions such as bronchial obstruction during childbirth. Various factors influence the occurrence and development of bronchoobstructive syndrome (BOS) in young children. Viral infection is of great importance in the development of BOS. In addition, the period of early childhood is characterized by the imperfection of many immunological mechanisms: the formation of interferon in the upper respiratory tract, the level of immunoglobulin A in the blood serum by the end of the first year of life is 28% of the adult level, since secretory immunoglobulin A reaches its maximum values only at the age of 10-11 years. In addition to perinatal pathology, allergic history, bronchial hyperreactivity, rickets, dystrophies, thymus hyperplasia, early artificial feeding, respiratory organs observed inchildren 6-12 months Bronchial diseases also play animportant rolein thedevelopment ofbronchial obstruction. According to the literature, there is a shortage of data for a comprehensive study of the pathogenesis of diseases accompanied by bos, as well as for the development of new and effective approaches to its therapy. In-depth research is needed to help develop more effective treatment strategies for children with these diseases. In this regard, it is important to substantiate the diagnostic criteria for cytokine status and vitamin D levels in children withBOS. 98,7:ROTCAFTCAPMI .SECNEICSLACIDEM,5202,yaM,5emuloV gro.srehsilbupcimedaca.www Based on the above, the constant work on improving medical technologies and approaches to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of bronchial obstruction determines the urgent problems of pediatrics. The early diagnosis of bos, as well as the ongoing discussions about the most favorable and least complicating treatment methods, as well as the paucity of proven data on solving this problem in the literature, determined the goals and objectives of thestudy. The aim of the study was to assess the functional state of the respiratory system in children withbronchoobstructivesyndrome. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonology of the Andijan regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center and in the Department of Pulmonology of the Republican Specialized Pediatric Scientific and Practical Medical Center. The study involved 90 sick children aged 7 to 15 years. 20 practically healthy children of thesameage were taken as a controlgroup. The study of the function of external respiration (TNOF) was carried out using the SEMA 2000 program on the Schiller srovit CP-1 spipometer (mockva). Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using theStatistica6.0software package. Results and its discussion. Assessment of the functional state of the respiratory system, which is one of the main diagnostic criteria, is important for forecasting, treating and determining the necessary measures in the field of rehabilitation of bronchoobstructive syndrome in children. A peak flowmetric study showed that in children with acute obstructive bronchitis (OB) in 80.0% of cases, Ncheut was registered in more than 80% of cases, while in children with recurrent bronchitis (BO or CB), at the same