MYCOGENIC SENSITIZATION AND ITS PREVENTION

Аннотация

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the prevalence of sensitization to food and fungi, as well as its prevention in a hot climate. To date, fungi are known in different countries of the world as an etiological factor of allergic diseases, in patients with allergic diseases, based on a detailed medical history and with the help of modern in vitro diagnostics, it is possible to detect sensitivity to fungal allergens. In hot climates, the detection of immunoglobulin E antibodies to mold and yeast fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Alternaria and Rhizopus and only with the help of a personalized approach todiagnosis and therapy can beachieved. Key words: food, fungal allergens, allergen-specific immunoglobulins E, atopy, environmental factors. The urgency of the problem. Allergic diseases are found in different age groups of the population all over the world, and the increase in the incidence rates can be caused by the increased sensitivity of patients to fungi. The analysis of literature sources showed that sensitivity to fungi among different types of allergic diseases has a wide fluctuation (from 2%to 60%), but often sensitivitytofungi canbeoverlooked bydoctors [11]. Sensitivity to fungi often manifests itself in the form of rapid-type allergic reactions with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-related mechanisms. Patients sometimes develop II, III and IV allergic diseases [13]. Allergic reactions to house dust mites, pet allergens, and foods can also be observed in patients with sensitivity to fungi due to changes in the immune system. One of the unique characteristics of fungal allergens is that they can be present indoors and outdoors at different times of the year, so patients experience disease symptoms throughout theyear [14]. Currently, mold fungi are considered important in the development of allergic sensitivity in the body, they can cause IgE-related allergic reactions [5, 9]. fungus with constant communication as a result breath on the roads to colonization take will come and disease symptoms calls [7]. Fungal allergens are part of outdoor bioaerosols and can cause allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis. In this case, mold fungi have a significant effect on the immune system of patients compared to plant dust or otherhousehold allergens [12]. 98,7:ROTCAFTCAPMI .SECNEICSLACIDEM,5202,yaM,5emuloV gro.srehsilbupcimedaca.www Fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus are one of the most important inhalation allergens in different countries of the world, with a prevalence of 15.3-38%. Among the allergenic components of this fungus: Asp n 14 ( β -xylosidase) is an occupational allergen used in the production of bread, which can cause sensitivity symptoms in about 4% of bakers. Asp n 18 (vacuolar serine protease) protein and its homologs have been identified in Aspergillus fumigatus (Asp f 18) and Penicillium (Pen ch 18 and Pen o 18). Asp n 25 (3-phytase B) is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 85 kDa, which is often used as an enzyme additive in the processing of phytate-rich food products, such as grains, legumes, and is recommended as a beneficial food additive and phytate-rich products. helps in good digestion [2, 14, 15, 16]. As a result of prolonged contact with fungal spores, immune reactions can occur, leading to the formation of IgG and IgA [10]. Mycogenic allergy is often accompanied by polyvalent sensitization. According to observations, fungal allergens are the causative allergens in 20– 65%of people suffering from allergic diseases, and bronchial asthma is observed in 20–25% of them [3]. In about 3-6% of cases, the development of bronchial asthma can be caused by fungal spores. The high amount of fungal spores is inextricably linked with the sanitaryepidemiological characteristics of human living conditions, geographical region, environmental factors, and season. The penetration of fungal spores into the human respiratory tract depends on their size, and the smaller they are, the deeper they penetrate into the respiratory tract (often their size is from 1 to 40 μm) [3, 10]. The researchers stated that 76.5% of the houses had high concentrations of fungal spores, which were observed to be higher than the conditionally allowed amount (500KOE/m 3 ). Among all detected fungi, Penicillium spp., Aspergullus spp., Cladosporium spp. and Rhizopus spp. A high concentration of A high degree of correlation was observed between the specific IgE against fungal allergens in the blood serum of the owners of these households and the spores of micromycetes in the indoor air. Mold fungi of the genera Rhizopus and Cladosporium have been found tobe oneofthemost common components inhousedust [6,10]. It is known that Rhizopus fungus lives in humid conditions and is considered dangerous because it usually spreads in the form of black fungus when bread products are not stored properly. Fungi of the genus Cladosporium also live in relatively h