TERMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION MIGRATION PROCESS

Аннотация

The article examines the development of population migration and lists the stages of this process as proposed by scholars. Additionally, it analyzes definitions of the term "migration" provided by both domestic and foreign researchers and presents the author's own definition. Keywords: labor, migration, process, stage, economy, country, well-being, children, family, relocation, residence, place, lifestyle. Throughout the world, no state, country, nation, or social group has the ability to fully control the process of labor migration. This is because the factors driving this process cannot be explained in a single word or expression. From this perspective, the migration model proposed by the American geographer W. Zelinsky in 1971, which relates to space and time, remains relevant to this day. This model reflects the significance of globalization in the transformation of international migration patterns. The theory he proposed has served as a foundation for future studies on the relationship between migration and socio-economic development in the context of globalization. According to Zelinsky, the increase in personal mobility follows a certain structural pattern. Migration consists of five stages: 1. Traditional primitive society. This stage is characterized by minimal population mobility and limited movement due to religious rituals, trade, land use, and social life. 2. Early mobile society. This stage is marked by large-scale migrations from rural areas to cities. If a country has undeveloped territories, rural populations migrate to settle in remote areas. It also includes a large influx of migrants into easily accessible and attractive countries, along with minor immigration of skilled workers from other nations. 3. A highly mobile society at the final stage of its development. This society experiences a decline in rural-to-urban migration, although urban migration remains dominant. At this stage, emigration decreases or ceases altogether, followed by an increase in population circulation. 4. Developed society. In this society, population mobility declines, movement from rural to urban areas decreases further, and major migration flows occur "from city to city." This stage is also characterized by significant immigration of low- and https://scientific-jl.com 1 8 59-son_4-to’plam_Aprel-2025 ISSN:3030- 3 6 1 3 T A D Q I Q O T L A R jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali medium-skilled workers, with the potential for substantial international migration of highly skilled professionals. 5. Overdeveloped society. In this stage, migration declines, and certain forms of circulation slow down due to advancements in communication and postal services. The main migration flow occurs between cities or within agglomerations. This stage is also characterized by continued migration of relatively low-skilled workers from less developed countries, as well as strict control over both internal and external migration. It is worth noting that labor migration has several positive effects, including: Ensuring employment for individuals; Enhancing professional skills, improving family economic conditions, and increasing material wealth; Establishing international cooperation between countries; Increasing social experience; Introducing various innovations into the culture of society. However, it is no secret that, unlike economic growth indicators, labor migration also leads to various crises in the moral and social life of society. In particular: The sharp manifestation of dysfunctional conditions in family life, including disruptions in relationships between spouses and in the parent-child system; As a result, an increase in divorce rates and a loss of trust between spouses; The rise of social and psychological problems, such as minors being left without parental care or supervision. The growing interest of researchers from various fields in the process of population migration is driven by several factors: The unprecedented expansion of labor migration in terms of both scope and geography; Changes in the structural composition of migration flows; The increasing scale and geographic expansion of forced migration; The growing importance of population migration in modern global demographic development. As stated in the research: "Migration can ultimately be viewed as a movement related to the spatial redistribution of the population. In this sense, spatial displacement is classified as migration when it involves relocation from one place to another. In the modern world, labor migration constitutes a key component of migration flows. The movement of labor resources encompasses all segments of the global economy and takes place both between countries and regions, as well as within national borders and administrative-territorial structures. As a result of this movement, a global labor market is formed." [3]. According to V.I. Staroverov, migration is a geographical transformation caused by the permanent or temporary transition of people fro