THE IMPORTANCE OF GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES

Аннотация

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) plays a key role in the diagnosis of diabetes, as it allows you to assess the average blood glucose level over the past three months. This makes it a more reliable indicator than a regular blood glucose test, which can fluctuate depending on a number of factors such as stress, physical activity, and time of day.The determination of HbA1c concentration is a simple and convenient method that allows doctors to quickly establish a diagnosis and begin appropriate treatment. The HbA1c level not only indicates the presence of diabetes, but also allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the current therapeutic strategy, which significantly affects long-term treatment planning. Key words: Glycated hemoglobin, enzyme immunoassay, endocrinology, diagnosis, diabetes mellitus ВАЖНОСТЬ ГЛИКИРОВАННОГО ГЕМОГЛАБИНА В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ДИАБЕТА Аллаёров Аббос Дустмухаммедович, Дусткуловой Юлдузхан Махамат кизи Аллаёров Аббос Дустмухаммедович СФРНЦНСП Аналитик лабораторно-диагностического отдела Дусткулова Юлдузхон Махамат кызы председатель "Клиническая лабораторная диагностика и ДКТФ с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики" СамДТУ https://scientific-jl.com 8 2 59-son_2-to’plam_Aprel-2025 ISSN:3030- 3 6 1 3 T A D Q I Q O T L A R jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali Республика Узбекистон, г. Самарканд Аннотация: Гликированный гемоглобин (HbA1c) играет ключевую роль в диагностике диабета, поскольку позволяет оценить средний уровень глюкозы в крови за последние три месяца. Это делает его более надежным показателем, чем обычный тест на уровень глюкозы в крови, который может колебаться в зависимости от ряда факторов, таких как стресс, физическая активность и время суток.Определение концентрации HbA1c является простым и удобным методом, позволяющим врачам быстро установить диагноз и начать соответствующее лечение. Уровень HbA1c не только указывает на наличие диабета, но и позволяет оценить эффективность текущей терапевтической стратегии, что существенно влияет на долгосрочное планирование лечения. Ключевые слова: Гликированный гемоглобин, иммуноферментный анализ, эндокринология, диагностика, сахарный диабет The etiology of diabetes is a complex and multifaceted process that involves the interaction of genetic, exogenous and endogenous factors. In recent decades, the prevalence of this disease has increased significantly, which has caused increased interest in its causes. There are two main types of diabetes: type I diabetes, which usually occurs in childhood or adolescence, and type II diabetes, which is most often diagnosed in adults and is associated with obesity. In the first case, the main point is the autoimmune process, in which the immune system destroys the beta cells of the pancreas responsible for the production of insulin. In the second case, the focus is on insulin resistance, when the body's cells become less sensitive to insulin, which leads to an increase in blood glucose levels. Among the factors contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes, one can single out a genetic predisposition, poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle and stress. Thus, the etiology of diabetes is the result of the interaction of various factors, and understanding these mechanisms is crucial for the prevention and treatment of the disease. [1,14,16]. The pathogenesis of diabetes is a complex and multifaceted process involving genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors. The main types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas, and type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion.In the initial stage of type 2 diabetes, fat cells accumulate, which leads to impaired glucose metabolism. Over time, the pancreas cannot cope with the increased need for insulin, which causes hyperglycemia. At the cellular level, there are changes in the signaling pathways responsible for glucose metabolism, which leads to impaired functions of various organs.In addition, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the progression of diabetes. These processes activate various molecules, such as https://scientific-jl.com 8 3 59-son_2-to’plam_Aprel-2025 ISSN:3030- 3 6 1 3 T A D Q I Q O T L A R jahon ilmiy – metodik jurnali cytokines, which exacerbate insulin resistance. Thus, the pathogenesis of diabetes includes both systemic and cellular mechanisms, which makes it complex and requires an individualized approach to treatment and prevention. [2, 5, 9,14,16].\ The Diabetes Clinic is a place where knowledge, technology and human warmth are gathered to combat one of the most common diseases of our time. In this noble institution, every patient is treated not just as a diagnosis, but as a goal worthy of attention and care. This is where the medical profession takes on a new meaning.: This is not only treatment, but also training, support, and building long-term relationships with patients.Specialized programs include comprehensive diagnostic