TRANSLATING FOR THE HEALTHCARE AND MEDICAL FIELDS

Аннотация

This article discusses one of the most important components of the discipline of linguistics as it progressed and expanded its scope of investigation. Medical terminology denoting international relations have a vital role in the lexicon of any language, including English and Uzbek. Term encounters are unavoidable in the process of merging language and culture, particularly in the act of translation. Keywords: Phraseological units, linguoculture, idioms, cultural metaphor, medical, prefix. Medical terminology is the vocabulary of the medical profession. It’s the specialised language of Western medicine, used to describe everything from the human body – its parts, processes, functions, dysfunctions and diseases – to all the medical procedures, interventions and pharmaceutical treatments. It’s basically the common language medical professionals use to quickly understand each other. In language, morphology refers to how words are formed and relate to other words. The morphology of medical language works quite simply. Words are formed by combining different base elements, usually from Latin, to accurately describe any possible conditions of the human body. These elements are prefixes, root words, combining vowels and suffixes, of which each term will be a combination [1]. The prefix is placed at the start of a word to modify its meaning. The root is the main part of the word. The suffix is placed at the end of the root, also to modify the meaning. For example, the word Gastroenteritis can be broken down into a prefix ‘gastro’, a root word ‘enter’, and a suffix ‘itis’: Gastro – stomach Enter – intestines Itis – Inflammation Through this breakdown, we can understand that Gastroenteritis means inflammation of the stomach and small intestine. Doctors and medical health professionals also make use of abbreviations to quickly communicate information. Abbreviations and acronyms are commonly used as shorthand, either for instructions on prescribed medication, to describe test results, or to quickly refer to medical conditions or parts of the body. https://scientific-jl.com/ 2 8 7 44-son_1-to’plam_May-2025 ISSN: 3030-3621 Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi It’s probably obvious to you by the way it sounds, that medical terminology finds its origins in ancient Latin and Greek. According to the National Institutes of Health, the oldest recorded medical writings are those of the ancient Greek Hippocrates, also called the ‘father of medicine’, dating back to the 5th century BC. Another significant figure whose writing are still used was the Greek doctor Galen. When Rome conquered Greece, both cultures and languages merged and from this came new terminology for medical concepts and treatment. All of this was written by hand and passed down through history [2]. During the Renaissance, many Latin words were used to describe the human body. Apart from Greek and Latin, numerous other languages have made their contributions to medical terminology over time, including Arabic, Chinese, Gaelic, Dutch, Italian, German, French and Spanish. In medicine, from ancient times to the present, not strict terms inherent in the exact sciences are used, but figurative expressions, mythological and folklore names. These expressions may not always be clear to the beginning doctor. But, as you know, emotionally colored information is assimilated better and more fully. In a conversation with patients, it is advisable to speak in simple language: kindly, to avoid scientific expressions loaded with incomprehensible words - hyperthyroidism, cardiac seizure, sebaceous liver. In the following items we can see the reflection of some phraseological units describing some physiological processes. They can be used in the speech of doctors’ communication processes according to avoid imparting directly the patients’ physiological position. For instance, in English language we can utilize following idioms instead of “die”: to pass away, breathe one’s last, gone to a better place, go to the big place in the sky, join the great majority, kick the bucket, step off and so on [3]. In Uzbek language we can encounter the phraseological units that can be used instead of “to die”: ko’zi tindi, dunyodan o’tmoq, ko’z yummoq, umr o’tkazmoq, umr ko’rmoq, olamdan o’tmoq. As we going on to list idioms clarifying physiological processes we can input the phraseological units used instead of “to bear”. Following idioms can give the linguocultural description of the verb “to bear”: give birth to, bring into being, bring to life, give life to, call into existence, and endow with life. We can see the Uzbek equivalents of the given idioms: ko’zi yorimoq, dunyoga keltirmoq, kindik qoni to’kilmoq, dunyoga kelmoq. Moreover, there are some idioms or phraseological units that conjuring up physiological scenes suchlike puberty, senility, being ill, recovering from illness. Equivalently, subsequent line of idioms can be applied as an linguocultural alternative of “puberty”: to be no spr