THE PERSONALITY AND STATE GOVERNMENT OF AMIR TEMUR IN HISTORICAL SOURCES

Аннотация

This article analyzes historical sources on the personality and state administration of Amir Temur. Amir Temur appeared as a great commander, distinguished by his military-political activity, justice and a strong state administration system. The study reveals his personal qualities, including a style of governance based on justice, his role as a patron of science and art, and his contribution to the development of international trade and economy. It highlights how the centralized management system and military strategies created on the basis of the "Temur regulations" served to strengthen the state at that time and its global recognition. Also, information about Amir Temur in Eastern and Western sources is comparatively studied and his role as a statesman is assessed. This work aims to show that Amir Temur is not only a historical figure, but also an example for today's state administration and strategic planning. Keywords: Transoxiana, military activity, state, governance, economy, justice, diplomacy, politics. Text: Amir Temur established a strong and powerful state by introducing a new system of governance in the history of Uzbek statehood and implementing it. This can be explained not only by the fact that he achieved high results not only in strengthening the process of state governance, but also in the relations of his country Выпуск журнала №-19 Часть–4_ Февраль –2025 197 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT with other countries in various fields. We can see this through the works of historians and poets who lived during the reign of Amir Temur, or in the commemorative documents and correspondence left by ambassadors as a result of embassy relations with the state of Temur. They recorded many information in documents about the administration of the state of A. Temur, his internal and foreign policy, as well as the activities carried out in the socio-economic, political and cultural spheres of the country, by recording real events and processes that they saw with their own eyes or directly participated in, and by recording many information in documents. This not only provided us with more objective and reliable sources about the empire founded by our grandfather A. Temur and its administration, but also opened a wide path for our historians to achieve high scientific results in analyzing it. The personal qualities of our grandfather Amir Temur were also reflected in his fair policy in state administration. Amir Temur was a great figure who could appreciate and distinguish a person. In Islam, there is a wise saying that “both hands of the best person are straight, he does good not only with one hand, but with both hands.” Amir Temur did good to both his friends and enemies with such two hands. He encouraged others to do the same. This can be clearly seen in the "Tuzukot", in the works of the authors of historical works such as Ibn Arabshah, Nizamiddin Shami, Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi, Abdurazzok Samarkandi, Davlatshah Samarkandi, and in the diary of de Clavijo. The kings of countries such as France, England, Genoa, Byzantium, and Spain sought to establish political, economic, and trade relations with the Sahibkiran. Therefore, they regularly sent ambassadors to the Sahibkiran. The memoirs and correspondence written by the ambassadors of that time also serve as important sources for revealing the internal and foreign policy of the Amir Temur's reign based on real facts. Unlike other rulers in terms of strengthening the power of the state and elevating the country, Amir Temur spent the acquired wealth on the development of society and building a spiritually high and powerful state. As quoted in Sharafiddin Yazdiy's "Zafarnoma", Amir Temur's speech to scholars and fuzalos states: - "My goal is to establish justice in the country, strengthen order and peace, improve the lives of citizens, strengthen construction in our country, and develop our state. You should help me with your Выпуск журнала №-19 Часть–4_ Февраль –2025 198 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT advice in implementing these works. The situation in the country, such as the oppression of ordinary people by local rulers, is clear to you more than anyone else. It would be good if you provided information about these and suggested measures to eliminate such unjust acts and in accordance with Sharia and laws. If earlier our attention was focused on military campaigns to occupy other countries, now our main task is to implement measures aimed at establishing peace in the country." From these thoughts, it can be concluded that Amir Temur relied on the knowledge and experience of scholars, philosophers, and intellectuals in establishing justice in the country, strengthening order and peace, improving the lives and well-being of citizens, and strengthening the development of the country. He managed to mobilize the most intelligent and skilled strata of society for the work of elevating the country. One of the famous historians, Nizamuddin Shami, in his work "Zaf