HISTORY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Аннотация

Entrepreneurship has appeared as one of the important factors of economic and social development in human history. This history includes the complex processes that developed from the first trading activities of man, to the era of the industrial revolution, and later to the modern global economy. The origin of the concept of entrepreneurship, its stages of development and its influence on socio-economic conditions in different periods are analyzed. Market relations in ancient civilizations, crafts and trade in the Middle Ages, industrial revolution and the role of entrepreneurs in the formation of capitalism are studied in depth. Also, the development of corporate entrepreneurship in the 20th century and new aspects of entrepreneurship in the era of technological innovations in the 21st century are discussed. This article aims to reveal the importance of entrepreneurship not only in economic, but also in social and cultural development, and is a valuable resource for researchers, students and all those interested in entrepreneurship. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Economic development, Trade, Industrial revolution, Capitalism, Innovations, Market relations, Corporate entrepreneurship, Technological development, Socio-economic conditions Выпуск журнала №-18 Часть–8_ Январь –2025 360 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Entrepreneurship is one of the most important types of activity in the history of mankind and is a driving force of economic development. He made a great contribution to social development by meeting the needs of society at different times, effectively managing economic resources and introducing innovations. The history of entrepreneurship is a well-school of rich experience reflecting the development processes of human activity. It includes a comprehensive period, from market trade and crafts, industrial revolution and modern technologies. Each period has formed its own business methods, economic policy and business environment. In this work, starting from the emergence of entrepreneurship, its stages until today are studied chronologically. Also, socio-economic factors and historical events that influenced the development of entrepreneurship are analyzed in depth. Through this research, it will be possible to understand that entrepreneurial activity is an integral process from the past to the future. The history of entrepreneurship not only helps to explore the economic potential of its time, but serve valuable lessons for modern entrepreneurs and the source of inspiration. Entrepreneurship or business (English: business - "employment") refers to any legal commercial activity. A person engaged in business is called an entrepreneur. Private enterprise is the basis of a capitalist economy. In socialist economies, entrepreneurship is handled by the government, society, or labor unions. Entrepreneurship is divided into large, medium and small types depending on the scale of business. Large entrepreneurship includes enterprises (firms) employing more than 500 people, medium entrepreneurship employs 20-500 people, small entrepreneurship includes enterprises employing 10-20 or less people. Large and medium-sized enterprises mainly include large-scale production, mechanized and automated industries that produce a large number of goods. Small entrepreneurship is widespread in the fields of agriculture and public services. Small business differs from others in that it can quickly adapt to the conditions, and therefore it is widespread. Выпуск журнала №-18 Часть–8_ Январь –2025 361 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT The history of entrepreneurship has been important in the economic and cultural development of humanity and have unique forms and functions at different times. The stages of entrepreneurship are considered in chronological order: Ancient times and early entrepreneurial activity. In ancient societies, trade and exchange processes appeared as the first forms of entrepreneurship. The first markets and trade routes were established, and the exchange of products developed in areas such as ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, China and India.During this period, merchants and artisans formed the main layer of economic activity. Entrepreneurship in the Middle Ages. Although the feudal regime reigned in the Middle Ages, handicrafts, trade and games had a significant impact on the development of entrepreneurship. Guildites worked as an important organization that regulates the interests of artisans and traders and operating the market competition. During this period, caravan sales and the development of urban markets expanded regional economic ties. Industrial revolution and a new stage of entrepreneurship. In the 18th-19th centuries, the industrial revolution made a radical change in business activity. Mechanization, the establishment of large factories and the emergence of new technologies brought entrepreneurship to a completely new level. During this period, along with the formation of capitalism and the increase i