LEXICAL-SEMANTIC PROPERTIES OF HEMATOLOGICAL TERMS IN MEDICINE

Аннотация

In the field of Medicine, hematological Terms form an interesting and complex material for studying the lexical-semantic edges of linguistics. Hematology is the field of medicine that studies blood and its composition, blood diseases, their diagnosis and treatment, and the terminology in this area has clear, systematic and specific lexical-semantic properties. Lexical-semantic analysis of hematological terms on the example of English and Uzbek languages shows the integration of language and medical science, and also allows you to identify terminological connections and differences between the two languages. Keywords: medicine, linguistics, hematological terms, terminology, English, Uzbek, dictionary, meaning. The study of the lexical-semantic properties of hematological terms requires first of all to determine their specificity as a lexical unit, semantic layers and scope of contextual use. Each term takes its place in medical discourse through its specific meaning, function within the field, and association with other terms. For example, the term" erythrocyte " means a red blood cell that carries oxygen in the blood, and its semantic field is clearly defined. The English word" erythrocyte " also means exactly that, but differs in language structure and morphological construction. When comparing the lexical-semantic properties of hematological terms in English and Uzbek languages, their morphological composition, semantic accuracy and contextual use of terms are important. Medical terms in English are often derived from Latin and Greek, many of which are expressed in the form of complex vocabulary. For example, terms such as" hemoglobin "or" leucocyte " are made up of several morphemes, and each means a specific meaning. In Uzbek, however, while most of the hematological terms are accepted as introductory words, many of them are adapted to the morphological and phonetic laws of the Uzbek language. For example, the word" hemoglobin " is used in a form adapted to the Uzbek language, but the pronunciation and spelling may differ from English. Semantically, hematological terms have a clear and strictly defined meaning that prevents them from being misunderstood in medical speech. Each term is strictly used https://scientific-jl.com 1 8 2 45-son_4-to’plam_May -2025 ISSN:3030-3621 Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi in its clinical and laboratory context. For example, the term" anemia " refers to a state of insufficient blood red blood cells, and the meaning is the same for both languages. However, within the framework of the semantic field, the word "anemia" in English is used in more comprehensive medical literature, while in Uzbek the scope of its use is more prominent in practical medicine and communication with patients. Contextual aspects also play an important role in the lexical-semantic properties of terms. Hematological terms are used differently in clinical, laboratory, scientific and educational contexts. For example, the term" platelet " is associated with clotting of blood in laboratory data, and in the clinical context it is indicated that it is associated with diseases. In Uzbek, however, the word" platelet " is used in similar contexts, but in some cases its meaning can be expressed in an expanded or abbreviated form. When analyzing the lexical-semantic properties of hematological terms in English and Uzbek languages, their synonyms, antonyms and Inter-term connections are also studied. For example," leukocyte "and" white blood cell "are used as synonyms in English, while in Uzbek, the words" leukocyte "and" white blood cell " give a similar meaning. Such synonymy indicates the lexical richness of language and enriches Medical Communication. At the same time, antonyms also have an important place in medical terminology, for example, the terms "anemia" and "polycythemia" represent opposite conditions in terms of the amount of blood cells.[1] Morphological changes and derivations of terms are also important in the lexical-semantic properties of hematological terms. In English, many hematological terms are formed using prefixes and suffixes, which help to clearly define their meaning. For example, the prefix" hypo - "denotes decrease, and" hyper - " denotes increase. In Uzbek, however, these prefixes have survived as more introductory words, but their use is less systematic than in English.[2] This reflects the stages of development of medical terminology in Uzbek. In the lexical-semantic analysis of terms, their use in phraseological compounds is also overlooked. Hematological terms are often found in complex medical phrases and phrases, such as "blood hematocrit", "leukopenia rate". In English, however, there are phrases such as "blood hematocrit", "degree of leukopenia". These phraseological units increase the semantic accuracy of terms and provide clear communication in medical speech. When studying the lexical-semantic properties of hematological terms, their pragmatic aspects are also taken