CLASSIFICATION OF COGNITIVE LINGUISTIC PHENOMENA OF FRUIT TERMINOLOGY IN ENGLISH

Аннотация

Cognitive linguistics studies the relationship between language, thought, and conceptualization. Fruit names in English are not only lexical items but also cognitive concepts formed by human perception, cultural connections, and linguistic conventions. Cognitive linguistics also aims to study the regular names of fruit names in English, as well as their relationships with other terms and their general structures. This article examines how the terminology of fruit names in English reflects various cognitive linguistic phenomena, including metonymy, categorization, metaphor, and conceptual blending. Key words: Metaphorical concepts, fruit names, conceptual concepts, cultural influences. 1.Conceptual concepts Fruit terms in English are grouped into various groups based on common perceptual or functional properties, such as shape, color, taste or use. For example, fruits such as apples, pomegranates, and grapes are classified as natural fruits,while fruits such as bananas and pineapples are classified as citrus fruits. This reflects the prototype theory, in which the terms "fruit" (apples, bananas) serve as members of the prototype category. 2. Metaphorical theories Fruit names can often go beyond their literal meaning because metaphorical (meaning transfer) systems cause these processes. For example, the fruit "peach" can refer figuratively to unique or attractive people ("That girl is a real peach")."Lemon" can also refer to products with defects ("This house was a lemon"). These meaning transfers show how metaphors can cognitively describe the typical properties of fruits (sweetness, sourness) with human characteristics, states, and evaluations. 3. The importance of metonymy in fruit naming. Metonymy is the same concept being understood in the same way but with different meanings, and metonymy is often found in fruit-related concepts (Masar, 2000). “The apple doesn't fall far from its tree" in which the fruit is used to represent the concept of a child and the tree is used to represent a parent. “Banana republic" is used figuratively to describe the social, political, or economic relationships associated with banana-exporting cities. https://scientific-jl.com/new 5555 6666 0000 Volume–76_Issue-1_May-2025 JOURNAL OF NEW CENTURY INNOVATIONS 4. Cultural and idiomatic formations Fruit terms are also included in cultural expressions and combinations, many of which have their own cultural characteristics, for example: "Going bananas" (to lose your mind). There are also meanings such as "sour grapes" (to belittle something). Similar expressions show how emotions, actions and social perceptions are related in the linguistics of fruit names. 6. Conceptual Blending in the Lexicon of Fruit Names In many cases, fruit terminology terms arise as a result of blending different cognitive domains. (Frantisek 1992). For example, the expression "fruit of labor" combines the agricultural domain (fruit as a product) with the conceptual domain of action and reward.