MODERN APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES: A REVIEW OF SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR COMMON CONGENITAL CONDITIONS LIKE CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA AND GASTROSCHISIS

Аннотация

Congenital anomalies, such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and gastroschisis, continue to represent significant challenges in neonatal surgery. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are critical to improving survival and minimizing complications. This review examines the current approaches to the surgical management of CDH and gastroschisis, focusing on advancements in surgical techniques, neonatal care, and postoperative management. Recent improvements in prenatal diagnosis, including advanced imaging technologies, and neonatal intensive care have contributed to better outcomes for affected infants. The survival rate for CDH has increased to around 80%, while gastroschisis has a survival rate of approximately 90-95%. Despite these improvements, challenges persist, particularly in managing CDH with associated pulmonary hypoplasia. Continued research into surgical techniques, innovative neonatal care, and long-term follow-up care is essential to further enhance outcomes for these patients.