ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕВОДА ИДИОМ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА

Аннотация

Machine translation (MT) has significantly advanced with the development of neural machine translation (NMT), improving fluency and grammatical accuracy. However, translating idiomatic expressions remains a major challenge due to the complexity of figurative language and cultural nuance. Idioms often carry meanings that cannot be understood through direct translation, requiring a deep understanding of both source and target languages. While AI-driven MT systems attempt to address these challenges, they frequently produce errors such as literal translation, loss of idiomatic meaning, and cultural misalignment. These limitations highlight the gap between computational linguistic processing and human cognitive abilities in translation. This study explores the difficulties MT systems face in idiomatic translation and the implications for cross-linguistic communication. Despite technological advancements, human expertise remains essential in contexts requiring cultural adaptation. Future developments should focus on improving AI’s ability to recognize figurative language, ensuring more accurate and contextually appropriate translations. Keywords: machine translation, idiomatic expressions, artificial intelligence, cultural adaptation, semantic accuracy, translation strategies. Translation is more than a mechanical transfer of words from one language to another; it is a complex process that requires a deep understanding of linguistic structures, cultural context, and intended meaning. One of the most critical aspects of translation is cultural adaptation, which involves modifying a text so that it aligns with the cultural and linguistic norms of the target audience while preserving its original intent. Without proper cultural adaptation, translations can become misleading, unnatural, or even incomprehensible. This challenge is particularly evident in the translation of idiomatic expressions, which often carry figurative meanings that cannot be understood through direct, word-for-word translation. In recent years, machine translation (MT) has seen remarkable advancements, with AI-powered tools such as Google Translate, DeepL, and ChatGPT significantly improving linguistic accuracy and fluency. However, despite these improvements, MT systems continue to face substantial limitations in cultural adaptation. Unlike human translators, AI lacks real- world experiences, cultural intuition, and the ability to interpret meaning beyond literal definitions. Liu (2022) posits that the present AI technologies lack the requisite advancement to entirely supplant human translators. Although AI has made notable advancements in the domain of language translation, it still falls short of the nuanced https://scientific-jl.com 1 1 5 46-son_1-to’plam_Iyun -2025 ISSN:3030-3621 Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi comprehension of language and cultural context that human translators possess. Moreover, human translators possess the capability to decipher idiomatic phrases and colloquial language, which could pose a challenge for AI to precisely translate. [4; 935] As a result, machine-generated translations often struggle with idiomatic expressions, leading to errors such as literal translation, idiomatic loss, mistranslation, and semantic shifts. Translation has long been recognized as more than a mechanical process of converting words from one language to another. At its core, it involves negotiating meaning across cultural and linguistic boundaries. One of the central debates in translation studies revolves around the degree to which a translated text should remain faithful to the source language versus how much it should be adapted to fit the cultural norms of the target audience. Lawrence Venuti’s (1995) theory of domestication and foreignization offers a useful framework for understanding cultural adaptation in translation. Domestication refers to a strategy where the translator modifies the text to make it sound natural and familiar to the target audience, often replacing culturally specific references with equivalents that are easily understood. On the other hand, foreignization seeks to preserve the original cultural and linguistic characteristics of the source text, even if they appear unusual or challenging to the target audience. While domestication enhances readability and accessibility, foreignization maintains the uniqueness and authenticity of the original expression. Idioms and culturally embedded expressions present a unique challenge within this framework. A domesticated translation might replace an idiom with a culturally appropriate equivalent in the target language, while a foreignized approach might provide a literal translation, preserving the original structure but potentially making the meaning less clear. The choice between these approaches depends on the translator’s goals, the audience’s expectations, and the context in which the translation is used. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, mac